Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study

Background. The role of central sensitization in refractory pain-related diseases has not yet been clarified. Methods. We performed a multicenter case-controlled study including 551 patients with various neurological, psychological, and pain disorders and 5,188 healthy controls to investigate the im...

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Main Authors: Keisuke Suzuki, Yasuo Haruyama, Gen Kobashi, Toshimi Sairenchi, Koji Uchiyama, Shigeki Yamaguchi, Koichi Hirata
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Pain Research and Management
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656917
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author Keisuke Suzuki
Yasuo Haruyama
Gen Kobashi
Toshimi Sairenchi
Koji Uchiyama
Shigeki Yamaguchi
Koichi Hirata
author_facet Keisuke Suzuki
Yasuo Haruyama
Gen Kobashi
Toshimi Sairenchi
Koji Uchiyama
Shigeki Yamaguchi
Koichi Hirata
author_sort Keisuke Suzuki
collection DOAJ
description Background. The role of central sensitization in refractory pain-related diseases has not yet been clarified. Methods. We performed a multicenter case-controlled study including 551 patients with various neurological, psychological, and pain disorders and 5,188 healthy controls to investigate the impact of central sensitization in these patients. Symptoms related to central sensitization syndrome (CSS) were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) parts A and B. Patients were categorized into 5 groups based on CSI-A scores from subclinical to extreme. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), addressing pain severity and pain interference with daily activities, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, assessing depressive symptoms, were also administered. Results. CSI-A scores and CSI-B disease numbers were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p<0.001). Medium effect sizes (r = 0.37) for CSI-A scores and large effect sizes (r = 0.64) for CSI-B disease numbers were found between patients and control groups. Compared with the CSI-A subclinical group, the CSI-A mild, moderate, severe, and extreme groups had significantly higher BPI pain interference and severity scores, PHQ-9 scores, and CSS-related disease numbers based on ANCOVA. Greater CSI-B numbers resulted in higher CSI-A scores (p<0.001) and a higher odds ratio (p for trend <0.001). CSS-related symptoms were associated with pain severity, pain interference with daily activities, and depressive symptoms in various pain-related diseases. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that CSS may participate in these conditions as common pathophysiology.
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spelling doaj-art-3daa57300f3845d9b81f097c8a531d7d2025-08-20T03:55:40ZengWileyPain Research and Management1203-67651918-15232021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66569176656917Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled StudyKeisuke Suzuki0Yasuo Haruyama1Gen Kobashi2Toshimi Sairenchi3Koji Uchiyama4Shigeki Yamaguchi5Koichi Hirata6Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, JapanDepartment of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, JapanDepartment of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, JapanDepartment of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, JapanLaboratory of International Environmental Health, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, JapanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, JapanBackground. The role of central sensitization in refractory pain-related diseases has not yet been clarified. Methods. We performed a multicenter case-controlled study including 551 patients with various neurological, psychological, and pain disorders and 5,188 healthy controls to investigate the impact of central sensitization in these patients. Symptoms related to central sensitization syndrome (CSS) were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) parts A and B. Patients were categorized into 5 groups based on CSI-A scores from subclinical to extreme. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), addressing pain severity and pain interference with daily activities, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, assessing depressive symptoms, were also administered. Results. CSI-A scores and CSI-B disease numbers were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p<0.001). Medium effect sizes (r = 0.37) for CSI-A scores and large effect sizes (r = 0.64) for CSI-B disease numbers were found between patients and control groups. Compared with the CSI-A subclinical group, the CSI-A mild, moderate, severe, and extreme groups had significantly higher BPI pain interference and severity scores, PHQ-9 scores, and CSS-related disease numbers based on ANCOVA. Greater CSI-B numbers resulted in higher CSI-A scores (p<0.001) and a higher odds ratio (p for trend <0.001). CSS-related symptoms were associated with pain severity, pain interference with daily activities, and depressive symptoms in various pain-related diseases. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that CSS may participate in these conditions as common pathophysiology.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656917
spellingShingle Keisuke Suzuki
Yasuo Haruyama
Gen Kobashi
Toshimi Sairenchi
Koji Uchiyama
Shigeki Yamaguchi
Koichi Hirata
Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study
Pain Research and Management
title Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study
title_full Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study
title_fullStr Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study
title_full_unstemmed Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study
title_short Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study
title_sort central sensitization in neurological psychiatric and pain disorders a multicenter case controlled study
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656917
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