Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles with intrinsic fluorescence. Recent studies have found that metal-based QDs often impart toxic effects on the biological systems they interact with. Their undefined limitations have offset their potential for biomedical application. Our study aimed to address the...

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Main Authors: Mileah Metcalf, Abhishu Chand, Kyoungtae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Micro
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8023/5/2/29
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author Mileah Metcalf
Abhishu Chand
Kyoungtae Kim
author_facet Mileah Metcalf
Abhishu Chand
Kyoungtae Kim
author_sort Mileah Metcalf
collection DOAJ
description Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles with intrinsic fluorescence. Recent studies have found that metal-based QDs often impart toxic effects on the biological systems they interact with. Their undefined limitations have offset their potential for biomedical application. Our study aimed to address the research gap regarding QDs’ impacts on the intracellular actin cytoskeleton and the associated structures. Our XTT viability assays revealed that QDs only reduced viability in transformed human liver epithelial (THLE-2) cells, whereas HeLa cells remained viable after QD treatment. We also used confocal microscopy to evaluate the morphological changes in THLE-2 induced by QDs. We further investigated cell protrusion morphology using phalloidin-Alexa488 which selectively labels F-actin. The fluorescent microscopy of this phalloidin label revealed that QD treatment resulted in the redistribution of actin filaments within both THLE-2 and HeLa cells. We also report that the average number of focal adhesions decreased in QD-treated cells. As actin filaments at the cell are peripherally linked to the extracellular matrix via talin and integrin and are thus a crucial component of cell motility, we conducted a migration assay. The migration assay revealed that cell motility was significantly reduced in both THLE-2 and HeLa cells following QD treatment. Our findings establish that the internalization of QDs reduces cell motility by rearranging actin filaments.
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spelling doaj-art-3da98c965ac0426caed5e8586b2e4c1f2025-08-20T03:16:19ZengMDPI AGMicro2673-80232025-06-01522910.3390/micro5020029Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell MotilityMileah Metcalf0Abhishu Chand1Kyoungtae Kim2Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USADepartment of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USADepartment of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USAQuantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles with intrinsic fluorescence. Recent studies have found that metal-based QDs often impart toxic effects on the biological systems they interact with. Their undefined limitations have offset their potential for biomedical application. Our study aimed to address the research gap regarding QDs’ impacts on the intracellular actin cytoskeleton and the associated structures. Our XTT viability assays revealed that QDs only reduced viability in transformed human liver epithelial (THLE-2) cells, whereas HeLa cells remained viable after QD treatment. We also used confocal microscopy to evaluate the morphological changes in THLE-2 induced by QDs. We further investigated cell protrusion morphology using phalloidin-Alexa488 which selectively labels F-actin. The fluorescent microscopy of this phalloidin label revealed that QD treatment resulted in the redistribution of actin filaments within both THLE-2 and HeLa cells. We also report that the average number of focal adhesions decreased in QD-treated cells. As actin filaments at the cell are peripherally linked to the extracellular matrix via talin and integrin and are thus a crucial component of cell motility, we conducted a migration assay. The migration assay revealed that cell motility was significantly reduced in both THLE-2 and HeLa cells following QD treatment. Our findings establish that the internalization of QDs reduces cell motility by rearranging actin filaments.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8023/5/2/29Cd/Se/ZnS QDsactinmigrationtoxicitycell culture
spellingShingle Mileah Metcalf
Abhishu Chand
Kyoungtae Kim
Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility
Micro
Cd/Se/ZnS QDs
actin
migration
toxicity
cell culture
title Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility
title_full Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility
title_fullStr Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility
title_full_unstemmed Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility
title_short Quantum Dots Affect Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization, Resulting in Impaired HeLa and THLE-2 Cell Motility
title_sort quantum dots affect actin cytoskeleton reorganization resulting in impaired hela and thle 2 cell motility
topic Cd/Se/ZnS QDs
actin
migration
toxicity
cell culture
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8023/5/2/29
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AT abhishuchand quantumdotsaffectactincytoskeletonreorganizationresultinginimpairedhelaandthle2cellmotility
AT kyoungtaekim quantumdotsaffectactincytoskeletonreorganizationresultinginimpairedhelaandthle2cellmotility