A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has been influencing healthcare and medical research for several years and will likely become indispensable in the near future. AI is intended to support healthcare professionals to make the healthcare system more efficient and ultimately improve patient outcome...

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Main Authors: Philipp W. Winkler, Bálint Zsidai, Eric Hamrin Senorski, James A. Pruneski, Michael T. Hirschmann, Christophe Ley, Thomas Tischer, Elmar Herbst, Ayoosh Pareek, Volker Musahl, Jacob F. Oeding, Felix C. Oettl, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Kristian Samuelsson, Robert Feldt, ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70247
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author Philipp W. Winkler
Bálint Zsidai
Eric Hamrin Senorski
James A. Pruneski
Michael T. Hirschmann
Christophe Ley
Thomas Tischer
Elmar Herbst
Ayoosh Pareek
Volker Musahl
Jacob F. Oeding
Felix C. Oettl
Umile Giuseppe Longo
Kristian Samuelsson
Robert Feldt
ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group
author_facet Philipp W. Winkler
Bálint Zsidai
Eric Hamrin Senorski
James A. Pruneski
Michael T. Hirschmann
Christophe Ley
Thomas Tischer
Elmar Herbst
Ayoosh Pareek
Volker Musahl
Jacob F. Oeding
Felix C. Oettl
Umile Giuseppe Longo
Kristian Samuelsson
Robert Feldt
ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group
author_sort Philipp W. Winkler
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has been influencing healthcare and medical research for several years and will likely become indispensable in the near future. AI is intended to support healthcare professionals to make the healthcare system more efficient and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Despite the numerous benefits of AI systems, significant concerns remain. Errors in AI systems can pose serious risks to human health, underscoring the critical need for safety, as well as adherence to ethical and moral standards, before these technologies can be integrated into clinical practice. To address these challenges, the development, certification, and deployment of medical AI systems must adhere to strict and transparent regulations. The European Commission has already established a regulatory framework for AI systems by enacting the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act. This review article, part of an AI learning series, discusses key considerations for medical AI systems such as reliability, accuracy, trustworthiness, lawfulness and legal compliance, ethical and moral alignment, sustainability, and regulatory oversight. Level of Evidence Level V.
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series Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
spelling doaj-art-3da85b22ed64476a9dd732c6c28c71372025-08-20T04:03:13ZengWileyJournal of Experimental Orthopaedics2197-11532025-04-01122n/an/a10.1002/jeo2.70247A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systemsPhilipp W. Winkler0Bálint Zsidai1Eric Hamrin Senorski2James A. Pruneski3Michael T. Hirschmann4Christophe Ley5Thomas Tischer6Elmar Herbst7Ayoosh Pareek8Volker Musahl9Jacob F. Oeding10Felix C. Oettl11Umile Giuseppe Longo12Kristian Samuelsson13Robert Feldt14ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working GroupDepartment for Orthopaedics and Traumatology Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz AustriaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenSahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Göteborg SwedenDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu Hawaii USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz SwitzerlandDepartment of Mathematics University of Luxembourg Esch‐sur‐Alzette LuxembourgDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery University Medicine Rostock Rostock GermanyDepartment of Trauma Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hosptial Muenster Münster GermanySports Medicine and Shoulder Institute Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USADepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich Zurich SwitzerlandFondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐Medico Roma ItalyDepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg SwedenAbstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has been influencing healthcare and medical research for several years and will likely become indispensable in the near future. AI is intended to support healthcare professionals to make the healthcare system more efficient and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Despite the numerous benefits of AI systems, significant concerns remain. Errors in AI systems can pose serious risks to human health, underscoring the critical need for safety, as well as adherence to ethical and moral standards, before these technologies can be integrated into clinical practice. To address these challenges, the development, certification, and deployment of medical AI systems must adhere to strict and transparent regulations. The European Commission has already established a regulatory framework for AI systems by enacting the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act. This review article, part of an AI learning series, discusses key considerations for medical AI systems such as reliability, accuracy, trustworthiness, lawfulness and legal compliance, ethical and moral alignment, sustainability, and regulatory oversight. Level of Evidence Level V.https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70247AIcertificationdigitalizationfuturehealthcarerisk
spellingShingle Philipp W. Winkler
Bálint Zsidai
Eric Hamrin Senorski
James A. Pruneski
Michael T. Hirschmann
Christophe Ley
Thomas Tischer
Elmar Herbst
Ayoosh Pareek
Volker Musahl
Jacob F. Oeding
Felix C. Oettl
Umile Giuseppe Longo
Kristian Samuelsson
Robert Feldt
ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group
A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems
Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
AI
certification
digitalization
future
healthcare
risk
title A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems
title_full A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems
title_fullStr A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems
title_full_unstemmed A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems
title_short A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research—Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems
title_sort practical guide to the implementation of ai in orthopaedic research part 7 risks limitations safety and verification of medical ai systems
topic AI
certification
digitalization
future
healthcare
risk
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jeo2.70247
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