Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori

Gastric cancer is a significant health problem owing to its high incidence and mortality rate. The risk factors for gastric cancer include both uncontrollable (e.g., age, sex, and genetic predisposition) and controllable factors (e.g., Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, obe...

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Main Author: Seung-Woo Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2024-09-01
Series:The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://helicojournal.org/upload/pdf/kjhugr-2024-0035.pdf
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author Seung-Woo Lee
author_facet Seung-Woo Lee
author_sort Seung-Woo Lee
collection DOAJ
description Gastric cancer is a significant health problem owing to its high incidence and mortality rate. The risk factors for gastric cancer include both uncontrollable (e.g., age, sex, and genetic predisposition) and controllable factors (e.g., Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and high-salt diets). Although treatment of H. pylori infections has been implemented as a primary preventive measure, the risk of gastric cancer may persist, highlighting the need for additional preventive measures. This review discusses various risks and protective factors associated with gastric cancer, studies conducted on these factors, and chemoprevention. Smoking is a risk factor for this disease; thus, is not recommended and current smokers are encouraged to quit because cessation can reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Excessive alcohol intake has been reported to increase the risk of gastric cancer as has the consumption of high-salt foods that can damage the gastric mucosa. Additionally, increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables, known for their protective effects against gastric cancer, can aid in its prevention. Studies on chemopreventive agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin), statins, and metformin, have been reported; however, evidence of their effectiveness remains insufficient to recommend these agents as preventive treatments. Additional well-planned studies on preventive medications and dietary approaches are necessary.
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spelling doaj-art-3da775bc1fcc40b0b2c74ce2c9cc6c2b2025-08-20T03:58:23ZengKorean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal ResearchThe Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research1738-33312024-09-0124324325110.7704/kjhugr.2024.0035855Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pyloriSeung-Woo Lee0 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaGastric cancer is a significant health problem owing to its high incidence and mortality rate. The risk factors for gastric cancer include both uncontrollable (e.g., age, sex, and genetic predisposition) and controllable factors (e.g., Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and high-salt diets). Although treatment of H. pylori infections has been implemented as a primary preventive measure, the risk of gastric cancer may persist, highlighting the need for additional preventive measures. This review discusses various risks and protective factors associated with gastric cancer, studies conducted on these factors, and chemoprevention. Smoking is a risk factor for this disease; thus, is not recommended and current smokers are encouraged to quit because cessation can reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Excessive alcohol intake has been reported to increase the risk of gastric cancer as has the consumption of high-salt foods that can damage the gastric mucosa. Additionally, increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables, known for their protective effects against gastric cancer, can aid in its prevention. Studies on chemopreventive agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin), statins, and metformin, have been reported; however, evidence of their effectiveness remains insufficient to recommend these agents as preventive treatments. Additional well-planned studies on preventive medications and dietary approaches are necessary.http://helicojournal.org/upload/pdf/kjhugr-2024-0035.pdfgastric neoplasmpreventionrisk factordiet modification
spellingShingle Seung-Woo Lee
Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research
gastric neoplasm
prevention
risk factor
diet modification
title Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
title_full Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
title_fullStr Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
title_short Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
title_sort risk factors and prevention of stomach cancer excluding helicobacter pylori
topic gastric neoplasm
prevention
risk factor
diet modification
url http://helicojournal.org/upload/pdf/kjhugr-2024-0035.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT seungwoolee riskfactorsandpreventionofstomachcancerexcludinghelicobacterpylori