Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC)
Abstract Exorbitant praxis of nitrogen pioneered and opened up the usage of time-specific and need-based nitrogen management. The leaf color chart (LCC), being one of the handy tool, is put to use for the estimation of the indirect leaf N, and also heightens the competence of crop N administration....
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89393-3 |
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| author | Suhail Fayaz Raihana Habib Kanth Tauseef A. Bhat Eajaz Ahmad Dar Zahoor Ahmad Shah Moneesa Bashir Aijaz Nazir Bilkees Jamsheed Mohd. Salim Mir Zahoor A. Dar Shailja Sharma Aabid Hussain Lone Dawood Yousuf Nadhir Al-Ansari Mohamed A. Mattar Ali Salem |
| author_facet | Suhail Fayaz Raihana Habib Kanth Tauseef A. Bhat Eajaz Ahmad Dar Zahoor Ahmad Shah Moneesa Bashir Aijaz Nazir Bilkees Jamsheed Mohd. Salim Mir Zahoor A. Dar Shailja Sharma Aabid Hussain Lone Dawood Yousuf Nadhir Al-Ansari Mohamed A. Mattar Ali Salem |
| author_sort | Suhail Fayaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Exorbitant praxis of nitrogen pioneered and opened up the usage of time-specific and need-based nitrogen management. The leaf color chart (LCC), being one of the handy tool, is put to use for the estimation of the indirect leaf N, and also heightens the competence of crop N administration. Integrating leaf color chart assessments into maize cultivation practices can provide a practical and cost-effective approach for tailoring nitrogen applications, leading to improved resource-use efficiency and sustainable maize production. To perceive the specific leaf color chart (LCC) value for precision maneuvering of nitrogen in different maize hybrids, a field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Division of Agronomy, FoA, Wadura, Sopore, SKUAST-Kashmir, in the years 2019 and 2020 (Kharif seasons). Split Plot Design (SPD) employing three maize varieties (Shalimar Maize Hybrid-2 (SMH-2), Kanchan-517 and Vivek-45) in main plots and precision management of nitrogen (T1: Control, T2: Recommended Nitrogen (120 kg N ha–1), T3: 25% N as basal LCC @20 (≤ 3) kg N ha−1, T4: 25% N as basal LCC @30 (≤ 3) kg N ha−1, T5: 25% N as basal LCC @20 (≤ 4) kg N ha−1, T6: 25% N as basal LCC @30 (≤ 4) kg N ha−1, T7: 25% N as basal LCC @20 (≤ 5) kg N ha−1 and T8: 25% N as basal LCC @30 (≤ 5) kg N ha−1) in sub-plots was systemized. The pooled means indicated that SMH-2 chalked up utmost values in growth (plant height 189.4 cm) and periodic leaf area index and yield parameters with a grain yield of 6.1 t ha–1, straw yield of 10.6 t ha–1, respectively. The LCC value of @ 30 (≤ 5) kg N ha–1 set down statistically highest and significant grain (6.0 t ha–1) and straw yield (10.8 t ha–1) pooled over the years amidst other nitrogen management treatments, respectively. LCC @ 20 (≤ 5) kg N ha–1 turned up to have highest apparent N recovery (REN) followed by LCC @ 30 (≤ 5) kg N ha-1 whereas LCC @ 20 (≤ 4) kg N ha–1 which was at par with LCC @ 20 (≤ 5) kg N ha-1 recorded maximum agronomic efficiency (AE). LCC @ 20 (≤ 3) kg N ha–1 showed the highest physiological efficiency (PE) and partial factor productivity (Pfp). Furthermore, different rice genotypes manifested significant effects vis-à-vis Pfp and REN, which were maximum in SMH-2 contrasted with Kanchan-517 and Vivek-45. In the interim, the economics of pooled data divulged that the maximum B: C ratio was observed in SMH-2 and LCC @ 30 (≤ 5) kg N ha–1. Therefore, site-specific nutrient management through LCC proved to be an effective strategy to maximize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid maize. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d9d593881ac41ed91f8c0ac7810ab77 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d9d593881ac41ed91f8c0ac7810ab772025-02-09T12:30:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-89393-3Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC)Suhail Fayaz0Raihana Habib Kanth1Tauseef A. Bhat2Eajaz Ahmad Dar3Zahoor Ahmad Shah4Moneesa Bashir5Aijaz Nazir6Bilkees Jamsheed7Mohd. Salim Mir8Zahoor A. Dar9Shailja Sharma10Aabid Hussain Lone11Dawood Yousuf12Nadhir Al-Ansari13Mohamed A. Mattar14Ali Salem15Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDean Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDivision of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDivision of Agri. Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDivision of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDivision of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDivision of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDivision of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDryland Agriculture Research station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSchool of Agriculture, Division of agronomy, Lovely Professional UniversityMountain Research Centre for Field Crops- Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirARSSSS, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of TechnologyDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud UniversityStructural Diagnostics and Analysis Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of PécsAbstract Exorbitant praxis of nitrogen pioneered and opened up the usage of time-specific and need-based nitrogen management. The leaf color chart (LCC), being one of the handy tool, is put to use for the estimation of the indirect leaf N, and also heightens the competence of crop N administration. Integrating leaf color chart assessments into maize cultivation practices can provide a practical and cost-effective approach for tailoring nitrogen applications, leading to improved resource-use efficiency and sustainable maize production. To perceive the specific leaf color chart (LCC) value for precision maneuvering of nitrogen in different maize hybrids, a field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Division of Agronomy, FoA, Wadura, Sopore, SKUAST-Kashmir, in the years 2019 and 2020 (Kharif seasons). Split Plot Design (SPD) employing three maize varieties (Shalimar Maize Hybrid-2 (SMH-2), Kanchan-517 and Vivek-45) in main plots and precision management of nitrogen (T1: Control, T2: Recommended Nitrogen (120 kg N ha–1), T3: 25% N as basal LCC @20 (≤ 3) kg N ha−1, T4: 25% N as basal LCC @30 (≤ 3) kg N ha−1, T5: 25% N as basal LCC @20 (≤ 4) kg N ha−1, T6: 25% N as basal LCC @30 (≤ 4) kg N ha−1, T7: 25% N as basal LCC @20 (≤ 5) kg N ha−1 and T8: 25% N as basal LCC @30 (≤ 5) kg N ha−1) in sub-plots was systemized. The pooled means indicated that SMH-2 chalked up utmost values in growth (plant height 189.4 cm) and periodic leaf area index and yield parameters with a grain yield of 6.1 t ha–1, straw yield of 10.6 t ha–1, respectively. The LCC value of @ 30 (≤ 5) kg N ha–1 set down statistically highest and significant grain (6.0 t ha–1) and straw yield (10.8 t ha–1) pooled over the years amidst other nitrogen management treatments, respectively. LCC @ 20 (≤ 5) kg N ha–1 turned up to have highest apparent N recovery (REN) followed by LCC @ 30 (≤ 5) kg N ha-1 whereas LCC @ 20 (≤ 4) kg N ha–1 which was at par with LCC @ 20 (≤ 5) kg N ha-1 recorded maximum agronomic efficiency (AE). LCC @ 20 (≤ 3) kg N ha–1 showed the highest physiological efficiency (PE) and partial factor productivity (Pfp). Furthermore, different rice genotypes manifested significant effects vis-à-vis Pfp and REN, which were maximum in SMH-2 contrasted with Kanchan-517 and Vivek-45. In the interim, the economics of pooled data divulged that the maximum B: C ratio was observed in SMH-2 and LCC @ 30 (≤ 5) kg N ha–1. Therefore, site-specific nutrient management through LCC proved to be an effective strategy to maximize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid maize.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89393-3EconomicsHybridsLCCMaizeN ManagementNitrogen use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Suhail Fayaz Raihana Habib Kanth Tauseef A. Bhat Eajaz Ahmad Dar Zahoor Ahmad Shah Moneesa Bashir Aijaz Nazir Bilkees Jamsheed Mohd. Salim Mir Zahoor A. Dar Shailja Sharma Aabid Hussain Lone Dawood Yousuf Nadhir Al-Ansari Mohamed A. Mattar Ali Salem Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC) Scientific Reports Economics Hybrids LCC Maize N Management Nitrogen use efficiency |
| title | Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC) |
| title_full | Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC) |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC) |
| title_short | Estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart (LCC) |
| title_sort | estimation of yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in hybrid maize varieties through site specific nitrogen management based on leaf color chart lcc |
| topic | Economics Hybrids LCC Maize N Management Nitrogen use efficiency |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89393-3 |
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