Limits of nodal surfaces and applications

Let $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb {D}$ with smooth total space $\mathcal {X}$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal {X}_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal {X}_0$ has double normal crossing singular...

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Main Authors: Ciro Ciliberto, Concettina Galati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Forum of Mathematics, Sigma
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509425000374/type/journal_article
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author Ciro Ciliberto
Concettina Galati
author_facet Ciro Ciliberto
Concettina Galati
author_sort Ciro Ciliberto
collection DOAJ
description Let $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb {D}$ with smooth total space $\mathcal {X}$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal {X}_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal {X}_0$ has double normal crossing singularities, in particular, $\mathcal {X}_0=A\cup B$ , with A, B smooth threefolds intersecting transversally along a smooth surface $R=A\cap B.$ In this paper, we first study the limit singularities of a $\delta $ -nodal surface in the general fibre $S_t\subset \mathcal {X}_t$ , when $S_t$ tends to the central fibre in such a way its $\delta $ nodes tend to distinct points in R. The result is that the limit surface $S_0$ is in general the union $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ , with $S_A\subset A$ , $S_B\subset B$ smooth surfaces, intersecting on R along a $\delta $ -nodal curve $C=S_A\cap R=S_B\cap B$ . Then we prove that, under suitable conditions, a surface $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ as above indeed deforms to a $\delta $ -nodal surface in the general fibre of $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ . As applications, we prove that there are regular irreducible components of the Severi variety of degree d surfaces with $\delta $ nodes in $\mathbb {P}^3$ , for every $\delta \leqslant {d-1\choose 2}$ and of the Severi variety of complete intersection $\delta $ -nodal surfaces of type $(d,h)$ , with $d\geqslant h-1$ in $\mathbb {P}^4$ , for every $\delta \leqslant {{d+3}\choose 3}-{{d-h+1}\choose 3}-1.$
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spelling doaj-art-3d81b4e983f34130887eaca1ae7e977e2025-08-20T02:20:06ZengCambridge University PressForum of Mathematics, Sigma2050-50942025-01-011310.1017/fms.2025.37Limits of nodal surfaces and applicationsCiro Ciliberto0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-1056Concettina Galati1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-8201Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Roma, 00133, Italy; E-mail:Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, cubo 31B, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, ItalyLet $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb {D}$ with smooth total space $\mathcal {X}$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal {X}_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal {X}_0$ has double normal crossing singularities, in particular, $\mathcal {X}_0=A\cup B$ , with A, B smooth threefolds intersecting transversally along a smooth surface $R=A\cap B.$ In this paper, we first study the limit singularities of a $\delta $ -nodal surface in the general fibre $S_t\subset \mathcal {X}_t$ , when $S_t$ tends to the central fibre in such a way its $\delta $ nodes tend to distinct points in R. The result is that the limit surface $S_0$ is in general the union $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ , with $S_A\subset A$ , $S_B\subset B$ smooth surfaces, intersecting on R along a $\delta $ -nodal curve $C=S_A\cap R=S_B\cap B$ . Then we prove that, under suitable conditions, a surface $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ as above indeed deforms to a $\delta $ -nodal surface in the general fibre of $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ . As applications, we prove that there are regular irreducible components of the Severi variety of degree d surfaces with $\delta $ nodes in $\mathbb {P}^3$ , for every $\delta \leqslant {d-1\choose 2}$ and of the Severi variety of complete intersection $\delta $ -nodal surfaces of type $(d,h)$ , with $d\geqslant h-1$ in $\mathbb {P}^4$ , for every $\delta \leqslant {{d+3}\choose 3}-{{d-h+1}\choose 3}-1.$ https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509425000374/type/journal_article14B0714J1714C20
spellingShingle Ciro Ciliberto
Concettina Galati
Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
Forum of Mathematics, Sigma
14B07
14J17
14C20
title Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
title_full Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
title_fullStr Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
title_full_unstemmed Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
title_short Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
title_sort limits of nodal surfaces and applications
topic 14B07
14J17
14C20
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509425000374/type/journal_article
work_keys_str_mv AT cirociliberto limitsofnodalsurfacesandapplications
AT concettinagalati limitsofnodalsurfacesandapplications