Limits of nodal surfaces and applications

Let $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb {D}$ with smooth total space $\mathcal {X}$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal {X}_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal {X}_0$ has double normal crossing singular...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ciro Ciliberto, Concettina Galati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Forum of Mathematics, Sigma
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509425000374/type/journal_article
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Summary:Let $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb {D}$ with smooth total space $\mathcal {X}$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal {X}_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal {X}_0$ has double normal crossing singularities, in particular, $\mathcal {X}_0=A\cup B$ , with A, B smooth threefolds intersecting transversally along a smooth surface $R=A\cap B.$ In this paper, we first study the limit singularities of a $\delta $ -nodal surface in the general fibre $S_t\subset \mathcal {X}_t$ , when $S_t$ tends to the central fibre in such a way its $\delta $ nodes tend to distinct points in R. The result is that the limit surface $S_0$ is in general the union $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ , with $S_A\subset A$ , $S_B\subset B$ smooth surfaces, intersecting on R along a $\delta $ -nodal curve $C=S_A\cap R=S_B\cap B$ . Then we prove that, under suitable conditions, a surface $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ as above indeed deforms to a $\delta $ -nodal surface in the general fibre of $\mathcal {X}\to \mathbb {D}$ . As applications, we prove that there are regular irreducible components of the Severi variety of degree d surfaces with $\delta $ nodes in $\mathbb {P}^3$ , for every $\delta \leqslant {d-1\choose 2}$ and of the Severi variety of complete intersection $\delta $ -nodal surfaces of type $(d,h)$ , with $d\geqslant h-1$ in $\mathbb {P}^4$ , for every $\delta \leqslant {{d+3}\choose 3}-{{d-h+1}\choose 3}-1.$
ISSN:2050-5094