A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention

ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, We...

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Main Authors: You Zhai, Hongcai Shang, Yan Li, Nan Zhang, Jisi Zhang, Shangwen Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1514585/full
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author You Zhai
Hongcai Shang
Yan Li
Nan Zhang
Jisi Zhang
Shangwen Wu
author_facet You Zhai
Hongcai Shang
Yan Li
Nan Zhang
Jisi Zhang
Shangwen Wu
author_sort You Zhai
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) were screened until December 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCase-control studies or cohort studies on the risk factors for MACE in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI. Data extraction and synthesis: The literature review, data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted by two independent researchers, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Main outcomesThe main outcome was that MACE occurred during the follow-up period.ResultsA total of 40 articles were included. The meta-analysis erevealed that dyslipidemia (OR = 1.50; 95% CI [1.19, 1.89], p = 0.0007), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.70; 95% CI [1.43, 2.02], p < 0.00001), hypertension (OR = 1.62; 95% CI [1.35, 1.96], p < 0.0001), history of smoking (OR = 2.08; 95% CI [1.51, 2.85], p < 0.0001), poorer ventricular function (OR = 2.39; 95% CI [2.17–2.64], p < 0.0001), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR = 1.86; 95% CI [1.71–2.03], p < 0.0001), door to balloon (D-to-B) time (OR = 0.61; 95% CI [0.42–0.88]; p = 0.009), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) (OR = 1.41; 95% CI [1.17, 1.70], p = 0.0004), renal dysfunction (OR = 1.82; 95% CI [1.37, 2.43], p < 0.0001), and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (OR = 0.41; 95% CI [0.37, 0.46], p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with MACE after PCI.ConclusionThe independent risk factors of MACE after PCI are dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, Killip class > II, LVEF ≤40%, D-to-B time >90 min, TIMI flow grade ≤ II, renal insufficiency, and multivessel disease.
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spelling doaj-art-3d755407c57449dba72f0b9a67c6a8ff2025-08-20T02:16:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-04-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15145851514585A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary interventionYou Zhai0Hongcai Shang1Yan Li2Nan Zhang3Jisi Zhang4Shangwen Wu5Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaHenan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaHenan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaHenan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) were screened until December 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCase-control studies or cohort studies on the risk factors for MACE in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI. Data extraction and synthesis: The literature review, data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted by two independent researchers, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Main outcomesThe main outcome was that MACE occurred during the follow-up period.ResultsA total of 40 articles were included. The meta-analysis erevealed that dyslipidemia (OR = 1.50; 95% CI [1.19, 1.89], p = 0.0007), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.70; 95% CI [1.43, 2.02], p < 0.00001), hypertension (OR = 1.62; 95% CI [1.35, 1.96], p < 0.0001), history of smoking (OR = 2.08; 95% CI [1.51, 2.85], p < 0.0001), poorer ventricular function (OR = 2.39; 95% CI [2.17–2.64], p < 0.0001), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR = 1.86; 95% CI [1.71–2.03], p < 0.0001), door to balloon (D-to-B) time (OR = 0.61; 95% CI [0.42–0.88]; p = 0.009), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) (OR = 1.41; 95% CI [1.17, 1.70], p = 0.0004), renal dysfunction (OR = 1.82; 95% CI [1.37, 2.43], p < 0.0001), and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (OR = 0.41; 95% CI [0.37, 0.46], p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with MACE after PCI.ConclusionThe independent risk factors of MACE after PCI are dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, Killip class > II, LVEF ≤40%, D-to-B time >90 min, TIMI flow grade ≤ II, renal insufficiency, and multivessel disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1514585/fullcoronary heart diseasepercutaneous coronary interventionrisk factorsmajor cardiovascular adverse eventsmeta-analysis
spellingShingle You Zhai
Hongcai Shang
Yan Li
Nan Zhang
Jisi Zhang
Shangwen Wu
A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
Frontiers in Physiology
coronary heart disease
percutaneous coronary intervention
risk factors
major cardiovascular adverse events
meta-analysis
title A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
title_full A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
title_fullStr A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
title_short A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
title_sort systematic review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
topic coronary heart disease
percutaneous coronary intervention
risk factors
major cardiovascular adverse events
meta-analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1514585/full
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