Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Background: The National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) provides meals to schools in low-income areas in South Africa, implemented by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) with food safety monitored by Municipal Health Services. Aim: To assess compliance of school kitchens with general hygiene...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sithembile S. Madlala, Nokuthula Mchunu, Monica Dalasile, Rian Pierneef, Poovendhree Reddy
Format: Article
Language:Afrikaans
Published: AOSIS 2025-06-01
Series:Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hsag.co.za/index.php/hsag/article/view/2814
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849426338517090304
author Sithembile S. Madlala
Nokuthula Mchunu
Monica Dalasile
Rian Pierneef
Poovendhree Reddy
author_facet Sithembile S. Madlala
Nokuthula Mchunu
Monica Dalasile
Rian Pierneef
Poovendhree Reddy
author_sort Sithembile S. Madlala
collection DOAJ
description Background: The National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) provides meals to schools in low-income areas in South Africa, implemented by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) with food safety monitored by Municipal Health Services. Aim: To assess compliance of school kitchens with general hygiene requirements (R638 of 2018) and detect food pathogens on food contact surfaces using amplified metagenomics. Setting: The study was conducted in quintile 1 and 2 primary schools in Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study assessed the safety compliance of food preparation and storage areas in 33 primary schools against national legislation standards. Fifteen samples of food contact surfaces were collected from four schools and analysed using Illumina sequencing to identify prevalent bacterial genera. Results: None of the schools possessed a Certificate of Acceptability. Significant structural issues include poor pest control, inadequate sanitary facilities, a lack of food safety training and inadequate waste management. Taxonomic analysis revealed several dominant bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter and Pantoea, indicating potential routes for food contamination and subsequent risks for foodborne illnesses. Conclusion: The study highlighted critical inadequacies in food preparation and storage areas requiring urgent intervention to ensure safe meal preparation. It emphasised the need for improved food safety monitoring and compliance in schools in low-income areas. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques identified a broad spectrum of pathogens, offering a robust method for assessing environmental hygiene. Contribution: This study provides insights into food safety risks in the NSNP, informing policies and interventions to improve food safety and reduce foodborne illnesses in schools.
format Article
id doaj-art-3d6558424e024e4b99f335a06c8e49ab
institution Kabale University
issn 1025-9848
2071-9736
language Afrikaans
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher AOSIS
record_format Article
series Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
spelling doaj-art-3d6558424e024e4b99f335a06c8e49ab2025-08-20T03:29:27ZafrAOSISHealth SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences1025-98482071-97362025-06-01300e1e1210.4102/hsag.v30i0.28141269Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South AfricaSithembile S. Madlala0Nokuthula Mchunu1Monica Dalasile2Rian Pierneef3Poovendhree Reddy4Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, DurbanNational Research Foundation, Pretoria School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, DurbanDepartment of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, DurbanDepartment of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, PretoriaDepartment of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, DurbanBackground: The National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) provides meals to schools in low-income areas in South Africa, implemented by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) with food safety monitored by Municipal Health Services. Aim: To assess compliance of school kitchens with general hygiene requirements (R638 of 2018) and detect food pathogens on food contact surfaces using amplified metagenomics. Setting: The study was conducted in quintile 1 and 2 primary schools in Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study assessed the safety compliance of food preparation and storage areas in 33 primary schools against national legislation standards. Fifteen samples of food contact surfaces were collected from four schools and analysed using Illumina sequencing to identify prevalent bacterial genera. Results: None of the schools possessed a Certificate of Acceptability. Significant structural issues include poor pest control, inadequate sanitary facilities, a lack of food safety training and inadequate waste management. Taxonomic analysis revealed several dominant bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter and Pantoea, indicating potential routes for food contamination and subsequent risks for foodborne illnesses. Conclusion: The study highlighted critical inadequacies in food preparation and storage areas requiring urgent intervention to ensure safe meal preparation. It emphasised the need for improved food safety monitoring and compliance in schools in low-income areas. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques identified a broad spectrum of pathogens, offering a robust method for assessing environmental hygiene. Contribution: This study provides insights into food safety risks in the NSNP, informing policies and interventions to improve food safety and reduce foodborne illnesses in schools.https://hsag.co.za/index.php/hsag/article/view/2814amplified metagenomicsfood contact surfacesfood contaminationfood handlersfood hygienenational school nutrition programme
spellingShingle Sithembile S. Madlala
Nokuthula Mchunu
Monica Dalasile
Rian Pierneef
Poovendhree Reddy
Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
amplified metagenomics
food contact surfaces
food contamination
food handlers
food hygiene
national school nutrition programme
title Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
title_full Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
title_fullStr Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
title_short Metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the National School Nutrition Programme in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
title_sort metagenomic evaluation of food hygiene practices in the national school nutrition programme in kwazulu natal south africa
topic amplified metagenomics
food contact surfaces
food contamination
food handlers
food hygiene
national school nutrition programme
url https://hsag.co.za/index.php/hsag/article/view/2814
work_keys_str_mv AT sithembilesmadlala metagenomicevaluationoffoodhygienepracticesinthenationalschoolnutritionprogrammeinkwazulunatalsouthafrica
AT nokuthulamchunu metagenomicevaluationoffoodhygienepracticesinthenationalschoolnutritionprogrammeinkwazulunatalsouthafrica
AT monicadalasile metagenomicevaluationoffoodhygienepracticesinthenationalschoolnutritionprogrammeinkwazulunatalsouthafrica
AT rianpierneef metagenomicevaluationoffoodhygienepracticesinthenationalschoolnutritionprogrammeinkwazulunatalsouthafrica
AT poovendhreereddy metagenomicevaluationoffoodhygienepracticesinthenationalschoolnutritionprogrammeinkwazulunatalsouthafrica