Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis

Multi-terminal direct current transmission systems face significant challenges in accurate fault location due to complex wave propagation paths and interference from multiple reflected wavefronts, which can lead to protection failures and system instability. This paper presents an advanced fault loc...

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Main Authors: Jingfeng Mao, Yang Wu, Xiuyong Yu, Jiawen Qiu, Aihua Wu, Xinsong Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525004971
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author Jingfeng Mao
Yang Wu
Xiuyong Yu
Jiawen Qiu
Aihua Wu
Xinsong Zhang
author_facet Jingfeng Mao
Yang Wu
Xiuyong Yu
Jiawen Qiu
Aihua Wu
Xinsong Zhang
author_sort Jingfeng Mao
collection DOAJ
description Multi-terminal direct current transmission systems face significant challenges in accurate fault location due to complex wave propagation paths and interference from multiple reflected wavefronts, which can lead to protection failures and system instability. This paper presents an advanced fault location scheme that integrates time signal extraction with distance vector analysis to address these challenges. The scheme employs variational mode decomposition combined with maximum after squaring techniques to precisely calibrate traveling wave arrivals. This scheme extracts accurate time signals from complex fault waveforms. A novel fault section identification vector is then constructed by analyzing the relationship between measured time signals and inherent topological distances within the network, enabling accurate fault section determination without requiring precise wave velocity or terminal synchronization. Extensive simulations conducted on various fault scenarios demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves location accuracy within 300 m across different fault types, locations, and resistances, while maintaining robust performance under noise conditions with signal-to-noise ratios down to 30 dB. The scheme shows superior accuracy compared to conventional traveling wave methods, particularly for remote faults where traditional techniques exhibit significant errors. These results indicate that the proposed time signal and distance vector scheme provides a reliable and practical solution for fault location in multi-terminal direct current networks, offering enhanced protection reliability and reduced maintenance costs for modern power transmission infrastructure.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0142-0615
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
spelling doaj-art-3d5cc7bf32c143d98b6ec88219ddc7bd2025-08-20T03:36:06ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-09-0117011094910.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110949Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysisJingfeng Mao0Yang Wu1Xiuyong Yu2Jiawen Qiu3Aihua Wu4Xinsong Zhang5The School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaThe School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaThe School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaThe School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaThe School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Corresponding author.The School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaMulti-terminal direct current transmission systems face significant challenges in accurate fault location due to complex wave propagation paths and interference from multiple reflected wavefronts, which can lead to protection failures and system instability. This paper presents an advanced fault location scheme that integrates time signal extraction with distance vector analysis to address these challenges. The scheme employs variational mode decomposition combined with maximum after squaring techniques to precisely calibrate traveling wave arrivals. This scheme extracts accurate time signals from complex fault waveforms. A novel fault section identification vector is then constructed by analyzing the relationship between measured time signals and inherent topological distances within the network, enabling accurate fault section determination without requiring precise wave velocity or terminal synchronization. Extensive simulations conducted on various fault scenarios demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves location accuracy within 300 m across different fault types, locations, and resistances, while maintaining robust performance under noise conditions with signal-to-noise ratios down to 30 dB. The scheme shows superior accuracy compared to conventional traveling wave methods, particularly for remote faults where traditional techniques exhibit significant errors. These results indicate that the proposed time signal and distance vector scheme provides a reliable and practical solution for fault location in multi-terminal direct current networks, offering enhanced protection reliability and reduced maintenance costs for modern power transmission infrastructure.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525004971Multi-terminal direct-currentFault locationVariational mode decompositionTime signalDistance vectorFault section identification vector
spellingShingle Jingfeng Mao
Yang Wu
Xiuyong Yu
Jiawen Qiu
Aihua Wu
Xinsong Zhang
Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Multi-terminal direct-current
Fault location
Variational mode decomposition
Time signal
Distance vector
Fault section identification vector
title Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
title_full Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
title_fullStr Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
title_full_unstemmed Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
title_short Fault location scheme for multi-terminal DC transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
title_sort fault location scheme for multi terminal dc transmission systems using time signal extraction and distance vector analysis
topic Multi-terminal direct-current
Fault location
Variational mode decomposition
Time signal
Distance vector
Fault section identification vector
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525004971
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AT yangwu faultlocationschemeformultiterminaldctransmissionsystemsusingtimesignalextractionanddistancevectoranalysis
AT xiuyongyu faultlocationschemeformultiterminaldctransmissionsystemsusingtimesignalextractionanddistancevectoranalysis
AT jiawenqiu faultlocationschemeformultiterminaldctransmissionsystemsusingtimesignalextractionanddistancevectoranalysis
AT aihuawu faultlocationschemeformultiterminaldctransmissionsystemsusingtimesignalextractionanddistancevectoranalysis
AT xinsongzhang faultlocationschemeformultiterminaldctransmissionsystemsusingtimesignalextractionanddistancevectoranalysis