Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn.
Rubia cordifolia is a well-known plant used in oriental medicine plant, and is also serves as the primary traditional source of plant red dyestuffs. With the current depletion of natural resources of R. cordifolia, it is critical to conduct cultivation studies on the R. cordifolia. Here, we report o...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1504863/full |
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| author | Conglong Lian Conglong Lian Conglong Lian Xiuyu Liu Xiuyu Liu Kaihua Guo Kaihua Guo Hao Yang Hao Yang Jingfan Yang Jingfan Yang Jinxu Lan Jinxu Lan Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen |
| author_facet | Conglong Lian Conglong Lian Conglong Lian Xiuyu Liu Xiuyu Liu Kaihua Guo Kaihua Guo Hao Yang Hao Yang Jingfan Yang Jingfan Yang Jinxu Lan Jinxu Lan Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen |
| author_sort | Conglong Lian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rubia cordifolia is a well-known plant used in oriental medicine plant, and is also serves as the primary traditional source of plant red dyestuffs. With the current depletion of natural resources of R. cordifolia, it is critical to conduct cultivation studies on the R. cordifolia. Here, we report on the dynamic growth characteristics and secondary metabolite accumulation of cultivated R. cordifolia, as well as the discovery of important genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis. The results showed that R. cordifolia grows better in sunny environments than in shaded environments, and its triennials better than its biennials, base on the biomass and the concentration of the primary components purpurin and mollugin. The dynamic accumulation of purpurin and mollugin content suggested that 30 June to 15 October is a fair window for harvesting R. cordifolia, and the possibility of a specific transition connection during the purpurin and mollugin biosynthesis process. Furthermore, we sequenced R. cordifolia using SMRT technology for the first time and obtained 45,925 full-length transcripts, 564 alternative splicing events, 3182 transcription factors, 6454 SSRs, and 6361 lncRNAs. We hypothesized an anthraquinone biosynthetic pathway and found 280 full-length transcripts that may be involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis in R. cordifolia. In addition, RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of 12 candidate ungenes in the above- and underground parts of R. cordifolia. Above all, our findings have crucial implications for the field management of cultivation and harvesting of cultivated R. cordifolia, and also provide useful genetic information for clarifying the potential genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d50f6ebd1b04552aa16393abe004963 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d50f6ebd1b04552aa16393abe0049632025-01-07T06:43:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-01-011510.3389/fpls.2024.15048631504863Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn.Conglong Lian0Conglong Lian1Conglong Lian2Xiuyu Liu3Xiuyu Liu4Kaihua Guo5Kaihua Guo6Hao Yang7Hao Yang8Jingfan Yang9Jingfan Yang10Jinxu Lan11Jinxu Lan12Suiqing Chen13Suiqing Chen14Suiqing Chen15Suiqing Chen16School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaCo-Construction Collaborative Innovation Centre for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, ChinaRubia cordifolia is a well-known plant used in oriental medicine plant, and is also serves as the primary traditional source of plant red dyestuffs. With the current depletion of natural resources of R. cordifolia, it is critical to conduct cultivation studies on the R. cordifolia. Here, we report on the dynamic growth characteristics and secondary metabolite accumulation of cultivated R. cordifolia, as well as the discovery of important genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis. The results showed that R. cordifolia grows better in sunny environments than in shaded environments, and its triennials better than its biennials, base on the biomass and the concentration of the primary components purpurin and mollugin. The dynamic accumulation of purpurin and mollugin content suggested that 30 June to 15 October is a fair window for harvesting R. cordifolia, and the possibility of a specific transition connection during the purpurin and mollugin biosynthesis process. Furthermore, we sequenced R. cordifolia using SMRT technology for the first time and obtained 45,925 full-length transcripts, 564 alternative splicing events, 3182 transcription factors, 6454 SSRs, and 6361 lncRNAs. We hypothesized an anthraquinone biosynthetic pathway and found 280 full-length transcripts that may be involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis in R. cordifolia. In addition, RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of 12 candidate ungenes in the above- and underground parts of R. cordifolia. Above all, our findings have crucial implications for the field management of cultivation and harvesting of cultivated R. cordifolia, and also provide useful genetic information for clarifying the potential genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1504863/fullRubia cordifoliagrowth characteristicsecondary metabolitesSMRT sequencinganthraquinones biosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Conglong Lian Conglong Lian Conglong Lian Xiuyu Liu Xiuyu Liu Kaihua Guo Kaihua Guo Hao Yang Hao Yang Jingfan Yang Jingfan Yang Jinxu Lan Jinxu Lan Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Suiqing Chen Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn. Frontiers in Plant Science Rubia cordifolia growth characteristic secondary metabolites SMRT sequencing anthraquinones biosynthesis |
| title | Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn. |
| title_full | Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn. |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn. |
| title_short | Dynamic analysis of growth characteristics, secondary metabolites accumulation, and an in-depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in Rubia cordifolia Linn. |
| title_sort | dynamic analysis of growth characteristics secondary metabolites accumulation and an in depth understanding of anthraquinones biosynthesis in rubia cordifolia linn |
| topic | Rubia cordifolia growth characteristic secondary metabolites SMRT sequencing anthraquinones biosynthesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1504863/full |
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