The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea
Abstract Background In the mangroves of Guinea, where the most active foci of human African trypanosomiasis in West Africa are located, vector control against tsetse flies using insecticide-impregnated Tiny Targets was first introduced in 2012. While annual deployments of Tiny Targets have resulted...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06783-2 |
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| author | Kagbadouno Moïse Camara Abdoulaye Dansy Bart Jean-Mathieu Solano Philippe Bucheton Bruno Camara Mamadou Grébaut Pascal |
| author_facet | Kagbadouno Moïse Camara Abdoulaye Dansy Bart Jean-Mathieu Solano Philippe Bucheton Bruno Camara Mamadou Grébaut Pascal |
| author_sort | Kagbadouno Moïse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In the mangroves of Guinea, where the most active foci of human African trypanosomiasis in West Africa are located, vector control against tsetse flies using insecticide-impregnated Tiny Targets was first introduced in 2012. While annual deployments of Tiny Targets have resulted in an overall 90% reduction in tsetse fly densities in control areas, managing tsetse densities in specific biotopes such as mangrove channels, which are susceptible to significant climatic disturbances, presents greater challenges. Thus, a new three-dimensional model called the Cross Target was designed to address this situation. Methods In the first phase, we evaluated the attractiveness of the Cross Target along with three other devices (the Tiny Target, the biconical trap, and the pyramidal trap) in a Latin square design. In a second phase, we assessed the efficacy of the Tiny Target and the Cross Target to control tsetse densities in a pilot field study led in two adjacent mangrove channels. Results In the Latin square study, the Cross Target was significantly more attractive than the other devices, with a catch index of 2.23 (P = 0.03), 1.63 (P = 0.004), and 2.39 (P = 0.003) as compared with the biconical trap, the Tiny Target, and the pyramidal trap, respectively. In the pilot experimental field evaluation the Cross Target also showed its superiority, with tsetse density reduction reaching 90% 15 months after the initial deployment, whereas densities remained high in the channel where Tiny Targets were deployed. Conclusions This study underscores the superiority of the new three-dimensional Cross Target in terms of attractiveness to tsetse flies and its resilience to climatic disturbances as compared with the conventional Tiny Target. The Cross Target presents a promising solution to enhance vector control effectiveness in challenging environments, such as mangroves or other hard-to-access areas, where target maintenance is particularly difficult. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d4a9a5aa38c4fe7aa02e1ec111ab952 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d4a9a5aa38c4fe7aa02e1ec111ab9522025-08-20T01:52:22ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052025-05-011811910.1186/s13071-025-06783-2The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of GuineaKagbadouno Moïse0Camara Abdoulaye Dansy1Bart Jean-Mathieu2Solano Philippe3Bucheton Bruno4Camara Mamadou5Grébaut Pascal6Programme National de Lutte contre les MTN à Prise en Charge des Cas, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène PubliqueProgramme National de Lutte contre les MTN à Prise en Charge des Cas, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène PubliqueProgramme National de Lutte contre les MTN à Prise en Charge des Cas, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène PubliqueINTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRDINTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRDProgramme National de Lutte contre les MTN à Prise en Charge des Cas, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène PubliqueINTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRDAbstract Background In the mangroves of Guinea, where the most active foci of human African trypanosomiasis in West Africa are located, vector control against tsetse flies using insecticide-impregnated Tiny Targets was first introduced in 2012. While annual deployments of Tiny Targets have resulted in an overall 90% reduction in tsetse fly densities in control areas, managing tsetse densities in specific biotopes such as mangrove channels, which are susceptible to significant climatic disturbances, presents greater challenges. Thus, a new three-dimensional model called the Cross Target was designed to address this situation. Methods In the first phase, we evaluated the attractiveness of the Cross Target along with three other devices (the Tiny Target, the biconical trap, and the pyramidal trap) in a Latin square design. In a second phase, we assessed the efficacy of the Tiny Target and the Cross Target to control tsetse densities in a pilot field study led in two adjacent mangrove channels. Results In the Latin square study, the Cross Target was significantly more attractive than the other devices, with a catch index of 2.23 (P = 0.03), 1.63 (P = 0.004), and 2.39 (P = 0.003) as compared with the biconical trap, the Tiny Target, and the pyramidal trap, respectively. In the pilot experimental field evaluation the Cross Target also showed its superiority, with tsetse density reduction reaching 90% 15 months after the initial deployment, whereas densities remained high in the channel where Tiny Targets were deployed. Conclusions This study underscores the superiority of the new three-dimensional Cross Target in terms of attractiveness to tsetse flies and its resilience to climatic disturbances as compared with the conventional Tiny Target. The Cross Target presents a promising solution to enhance vector control effectiveness in challenging environments, such as mangroves or other hard-to-access areas, where target maintenance is particularly difficult. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06783-2Glossina palpalis gambiensisCross TargetTiny TargetEfficacityMangrove |
| spellingShingle | Kagbadouno Moïse Camara Abdoulaye Dansy Bart Jean-Mathieu Solano Philippe Bucheton Bruno Camara Mamadou Grébaut Pascal The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea Parasites & Vectors Glossina palpalis gambiensis Cross Target Tiny Target Efficacity Mangrove |
| title | The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea |
| title_full | The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea |
| title_fullStr | The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea |
| title_full_unstemmed | The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea |
| title_short | The “Gredouno” Cross Target: a new tool adapted to control Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of Guinea |
| title_sort | gredouno cross target a new tool adapted to control glossina palpalis gambiensis in the mangrove forests of guinea |
| topic | Glossina palpalis gambiensis Cross Target Tiny Target Efficacity Mangrove |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06783-2 |
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