Responses of N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions to Biochar and Nitrification Inhibitors Under a Delayed Nitrogen Application Regime

Responses of N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions to Biochar and Nitrification Inhibitors Under a Delayed Nitrogen Application Regime

Greenhouse gas and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions are exacerbated by the inappropriate timing and excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat cultivation in China. In this study, the impacts on N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub>...

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Main Authors: Haizhong Wu, Daichang Wang, Dengxiao Zhang, Wei Rao, Qingsong Yuan, Xiaobo Shen, Guozhen Ma, Xiaolei Jie, Shiliang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Agriculture
Subjects:
N<sub>2</sub>O
NH<sub>3</sub>
biochar
nitrification inhibitor
wheat
enzyme activity
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/11/1986
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Summary:Greenhouse gas and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions are exacerbated by the inappropriate timing and excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat cultivation in China. In this study, the impacts on N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions of a delayed and reduced N application regime on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were investigated. The treatments comprised the control (N<sub>0</sub>), conventional N at 270 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>270</sub>) and optimized N application of 180 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>180</sub>), N<sub>180</sub> + biochar at 7.5 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>180</sub>B<sub>7.5</sub>), N<sub>180</sub> + biochar at 15 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>180</sub>B<sub>15</sub>), N<sub>180</sub> + DMPP (a nitrification inhibitor; N<sub>180</sub>D), N<sub>180</sub>D + biochar at 7.5 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>180</sub>DB<sub>7.5</sub>), and N<sub>180</sub>D + biochar at 15 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>180</sub>DB<sub>15</sub>). Reduced N application (N<sub>180</sub>) lowered N<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. Biochar application resulted in a 4–25% and 12–16% increase in N<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, respectively. Application of DMPP significantly decreased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 32% while concurrently inducing a 9% increase in NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. Co-application of DMPP and biochar significantly reduced the activity of nitrification enzymes (HAD, NOO), resulting in a reduction of 37–38% in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and 13–14% in NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. No significant differences in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were observed among the various N treatments except the N<sub>0</sub> treatment. Application of DMPP alone did not significantly affect grain yield. However, biochar, in combination with DMPP, effectively increases grain yield. The findings suggest that the N<sub>180</sub>DB<sub>15</sub> treatment has the potential to reduce emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>3</sub> while concurrently enhancing soil fertility (pH, SOC) and wheat yield.
ISSN:2077-0472

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