Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey

Introduction: The use of robotics in spine surgery has gained popularity. This study aims to assess the current state of robotics and raise awareness of its educational implications. Research question: What are the current adoption trends and barriers to the implementation of robotic assistance in s...

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Main Authors: Stefan Motov, Vicki M. Butenschoen, Philipp E. Krauss, Anand Veeravagu, Kelly H. Yoo, Felix C. Stengel, Nader Hejrati, Martin N. Stienen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Brain and Spine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529424014218
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author Stefan Motov
Vicki M. Butenschoen
Philipp E. Krauss
Anand Veeravagu
Kelly H. Yoo
Felix C. Stengel
Nader Hejrati
Martin N. Stienen
author_facet Stefan Motov
Vicki M. Butenschoen
Philipp E. Krauss
Anand Veeravagu
Kelly H. Yoo
Felix C. Stengel
Nader Hejrati
Martin N. Stienen
author_sort Stefan Motov
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: The use of robotics in spine surgery has gained popularity. This study aims to assess the current state of robotics and raise awareness of its educational implications. Research question: What are the current adoption trends and barriers to the implementation of robotic assistance in spine surgery? Material and methods: An online questionnaire comprising 27 questions was distributed to AO spine members between October 25th and November 13th, 2023, using the SurveyMonkey platform (https://www.surveymonkey.com; SurveyMonkey Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA). Statistical analyses (descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-Square tests) and generation of all graphs were performed using SPSS Version 29.0.1.0 (IBM SPSS Statistic). Results: We received 424 responses from AO Spine members (response rate = 9.9 %). The participants were mostly board-certified orthopedic surgeons (46 %, n = 195) and neurosurgeons (32%, n = 136). While 49% (n = 208) of the participants reported occasional or frequent use of navigation assistance, only 18 % (n = 70) indicated the use of robotic assistance for spinal instrumentation. A significant difference based on the country's median income status (p < 0.001) and the respondent's number of annual instrumentation procedures (p < 0.001) has been observed. While 11 % (n = 47) of all surgeons use a spinal robot frequently, 36 % (n = 153) of the participants stated they don't need a robot from a current perspective. Most participants (77%, n = 301) concluded that high acquisition costs are the primary barrier for the implementation of robotics. Discussion and conclusion: Although the hype for robotics in spine surgery increased recently, robotic systems remain non-standard equipment due to cost constraints and limited usability.
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spelling doaj-art-3d2cf329ab8b46bab2c5d2aa3d7696f22025-08-20T01:57:25ZengElsevierBrain and Spine2772-52942025-01-01510416510.1016/j.bas.2024.104165Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine surveyStefan Motov0Vicki M. Butenschoen1Philipp E. Krauss2Anand Veeravagu3Kelly H. Yoo4Felix C. Stengel5Nader Hejrati6Martin N. Stienen7Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Corresponding author. Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, GermanyNeurosurgery Artificial Intelligence Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USANeurosurgery Artificial Intelligence Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USASpine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, SwitzerlandSpine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, SwitzerlandSpine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, SwitzerlandIntroduction: The use of robotics in spine surgery has gained popularity. This study aims to assess the current state of robotics and raise awareness of its educational implications. Research question: What are the current adoption trends and barriers to the implementation of robotic assistance in spine surgery? Material and methods: An online questionnaire comprising 27 questions was distributed to AO spine members between October 25th and November 13th, 2023, using the SurveyMonkey platform (https://www.surveymonkey.com; SurveyMonkey Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA). Statistical analyses (descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-Square tests) and generation of all graphs were performed using SPSS Version 29.0.1.0 (IBM SPSS Statistic). Results: We received 424 responses from AO Spine members (response rate = 9.9 %). The participants were mostly board-certified orthopedic surgeons (46 %, n = 195) and neurosurgeons (32%, n = 136). While 49% (n = 208) of the participants reported occasional or frequent use of navigation assistance, only 18 % (n = 70) indicated the use of robotic assistance for spinal instrumentation. A significant difference based on the country's median income status (p < 0.001) and the respondent's number of annual instrumentation procedures (p < 0.001) has been observed. While 11 % (n = 47) of all surgeons use a spinal robot frequently, 36 % (n = 153) of the participants stated they don't need a robot from a current perspective. Most participants (77%, n = 301) concluded that high acquisition costs are the primary barrier for the implementation of robotics. Discussion and conclusion: Although the hype for robotics in spine surgery increased recently, robotic systems remain non-standard equipment due to cost constraints and limited usability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529424014218Spine surgeryInstrumentationNavigationRoboticsSurveyUtilization
spellingShingle Stefan Motov
Vicki M. Butenschoen
Philipp E. Krauss
Anand Veeravagu
Kelly H. Yoo
Felix C. Stengel
Nader Hejrati
Martin N. Stienen
Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey
Brain and Spine
Spine surgery
Instrumentation
Navigation
Robotics
Survey
Utilization
title Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey
title_full Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey
title_fullStr Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey
title_full_unstemmed Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey
title_short Current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics—an AO spine survey
title_sort current state and future perspectives of spinal navigation and robotics an ao spine survey
topic Spine surgery
Instrumentation
Navigation
Robotics
Survey
Utilization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529424014218
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