Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation

Natural mineral waters (NMWs) and plant extracts have long been valued for their therapeutic properties and skin benefits. This study investigated, in vitro, the role of five Portuguese NMWs (A-E), combined with plant extracts from five species (<i>Ficus carica</i> L., <i>Rubus ida...

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Main Authors: Carolina P. Gomes, Ana S. Oliveira, Joana Rolo, Tayse F. F. da Silveira, Rita Palmeira de Oliveira, Maria José Alves, Paula Plasencia, Ana Palmeira de Oliveira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Cosmetics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/3/113
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author Carolina P. Gomes
Ana S. Oliveira
Joana Rolo
Tayse F. F. da Silveira
Rita Palmeira de Oliveira
Maria José Alves
Paula Plasencia
Ana Palmeira de Oliveira
author_facet Carolina P. Gomes
Ana S. Oliveira
Joana Rolo
Tayse F. F. da Silveira
Rita Palmeira de Oliveira
Maria José Alves
Paula Plasencia
Ana Palmeira de Oliveira
author_sort Carolina P. Gomes
collection DOAJ
description Natural mineral waters (NMWs) and plant extracts have long been valued for their therapeutic properties and skin benefits. This study investigated, in vitro, the role of five Portuguese NMWs (A-E), combined with plant extracts from five species (<i>Ficus carica</i> L., <i>Rubus idaeus</i> L., <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>, <i>Cistus ladanifer</i> and <i>Thymus</i> x <i>citriodorus</i>) as bioactive ingredients. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Cellular biocompatibility was evaluated in fibroblasts (L929) and macrophages (RAW 264.7). Skin-repairing and anti-senescence properties were evaluated in L929 cells through the scratch-wound method and β-galactosidase assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quantified using a commercial kit, and lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using a fluorescent probe (H<sub>2</sub>DCFDA) in RAW 264.7. The results highlighted the beneficial impact of extracts combined with NMWs. An increase in antioxidant capacity of up to 90% was observed in mixtures comprising <i>Ficus carica</i> L., compared with NMWs alone. In contrast, mixtures with <i>Cistus ladanifer</i> showed promising anti-aging potential, with a 40% decrease in senescent cells and a 33% ROS reduction. <i>Rubus idaeus</i> L. extract produced an increase in cell migration capacity (up to 50%), depending on the NMW. This study highlights the potential synergism of natural ingredients with plant extracts for anti-aging.
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series Cosmetics
spelling doaj-art-3d23a3c23c2b4fa2a043f1fd6eedcb392025-08-20T03:24:39ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842025-05-0112311310.3390/cosmetics12030113Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> EvaluationCarolina P. Gomes0Ana S. Oliveira1Joana Rolo2Tayse F. F. da Silveira3Rita Palmeira de Oliveira4Maria José Alves5Paula Plasencia6Ana Palmeira de Oliveira7RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalRISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalRISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalCIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalRISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalCIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalCIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalRISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalNatural mineral waters (NMWs) and plant extracts have long been valued for their therapeutic properties and skin benefits. This study investigated, in vitro, the role of five Portuguese NMWs (A-E), combined with plant extracts from five species (<i>Ficus carica</i> L., <i>Rubus idaeus</i> L., <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>, <i>Cistus ladanifer</i> and <i>Thymus</i> x <i>citriodorus</i>) as bioactive ingredients. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Cellular biocompatibility was evaluated in fibroblasts (L929) and macrophages (RAW 264.7). Skin-repairing and anti-senescence properties were evaluated in L929 cells through the scratch-wound method and β-galactosidase assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quantified using a commercial kit, and lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using a fluorescent probe (H<sub>2</sub>DCFDA) in RAW 264.7. The results highlighted the beneficial impact of extracts combined with NMWs. An increase in antioxidant capacity of up to 90% was observed in mixtures comprising <i>Ficus carica</i> L., compared with NMWs alone. In contrast, mixtures with <i>Cistus ladanifer</i> showed promising anti-aging potential, with a 40% decrease in senescent cells and a 33% ROS reduction. <i>Rubus idaeus</i> L. extract produced an increase in cell migration capacity (up to 50%), depending on the NMW. This study highlights the potential synergism of natural ingredients with plant extracts for anti-aging.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/3/113anti-agingagro-industrial residueshydrolatesnatural mineral watersskincare
spellingShingle Carolina P. Gomes
Ana S. Oliveira
Joana Rolo
Tayse F. F. da Silveira
Rita Palmeira de Oliveira
Maria José Alves
Paula Plasencia
Ana Palmeira de Oliveira
Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation
Cosmetics
anti-aging
agro-industrial residues
hydrolates
natural mineral waters
skincare
title Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation
title_full Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation
title_fullStr Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation
title_short Natural Mineral Water–Plant Extract Combinations as Potential Anti-Aging Ingredients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation
title_sort natural mineral water plant extract combinations as potential anti aging ingredients an i in vitro i evaluation
topic anti-aging
agro-industrial residues
hydrolates
natural mineral waters
skincare
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/3/113
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