<i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases

<i>Candida albicans</i> are ubiquitous fungal organisms that colonize the oral cavity of healthy individuals without causing disease. <i>C. albicans</i> is an opportunistic microorganism with several virulent factors that influence the inflammatory process and allow it to inv...

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Main Authors: Bina Kashyap, Sridhar Reddy Padala, Gaganjot Kaur, Arja Kullaa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2138
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author Bina Kashyap
Sridhar Reddy Padala
Gaganjot Kaur
Arja Kullaa
author_facet Bina Kashyap
Sridhar Reddy Padala
Gaganjot Kaur
Arja Kullaa
author_sort Bina Kashyap
collection DOAJ
description <i>Candida albicans</i> are ubiquitous fungal organisms that colonize the oral cavity of healthy individuals without causing disease. <i>C. albicans</i> is an opportunistic microorganism with several virulent factors that influence the inflammatory process and allow it to invade tissues, evade host defense mechanisms, and release toxins, facilitating proliferation and degradation. At present, increasing emphasis is placed on polymicrobial interactions between <i>C. albicans</i> and various bacterial pathogens. Such interaction is mutually beneficial for both parties: it is competitive and antagonistic. Their complex interaction and colonization in the oral cavity serve as the basis for several oral diseases. The dispersion of <i>C. albicans</i> in saliva and the systemic circulation is noted in association with other bacterial populations, suggesting their virulence in causing disease. Hence, it is necessary to understand fungal–bacterial interactions for early detection and the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat oral diseases. In this paper, we review the mutualistic interaction of <i>C. albicans</i> in oral biofilm formation and polymicrobial interactions in oral diseases. In addition, <i>C. albicans</i> virulence in causing biofilm-related oral diseases and its presence in saliva are discussed.
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publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-3d1ce665fe314ec190f94fcad2fa709f2025-08-20T02:05:06ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-10-011211213810.3390/microorganisms12112138<i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral DiseasesBina Kashyap0Sridhar Reddy Padala1Gaganjot Kaur2Arja Kullaa3Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandAgartala Government Dental College, West Tripura, Agartala 799001, IndiaShaheed Kartar Singh Sarabha Dental College & Hospital, Ludhiana 141105, IndiaInstitute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland<i>Candida albicans</i> are ubiquitous fungal organisms that colonize the oral cavity of healthy individuals without causing disease. <i>C. albicans</i> is an opportunistic microorganism with several virulent factors that influence the inflammatory process and allow it to invade tissues, evade host defense mechanisms, and release toxins, facilitating proliferation and degradation. At present, increasing emphasis is placed on polymicrobial interactions between <i>C. albicans</i> and various bacterial pathogens. Such interaction is mutually beneficial for both parties: it is competitive and antagonistic. Their complex interaction and colonization in the oral cavity serve as the basis for several oral diseases. The dispersion of <i>C. albicans</i> in saliva and the systemic circulation is noted in association with other bacterial populations, suggesting their virulence in causing disease. Hence, it is necessary to understand fungal–bacterial interactions for early detection and the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat oral diseases. In this paper, we review the mutualistic interaction of <i>C. albicans</i> in oral biofilm formation and polymicrobial interactions in oral diseases. In addition, <i>C. albicans</i> virulence in causing biofilm-related oral diseases and its presence in saliva are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2138Candidamicroorganismoral microbiotadysbiosisoral diseases
spellingShingle Bina Kashyap
Sridhar Reddy Padala
Gaganjot Kaur
Arja Kullaa
<i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases
Microorganisms
Candida
microorganism
oral microbiota
dysbiosis
oral diseases
title <i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases
title_full <i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases
title_fullStr <i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases
title_full_unstemmed <i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases
title_short <i>Candida albicans</i> Induces Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Oral Diseases
title_sort i candida albicans i induces oral microbial dysbiosis and promotes oral diseases
topic Candida
microorganism
oral microbiota
dysbiosis
oral diseases
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2138
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AT gaganjotkaur icandidaalbicansiinducesoralmicrobialdysbiosisandpromotesoraldiseases
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