Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions
In recent years, interest in using encapsulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematodes has increased. Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne parasites that mostly cause annual commercial losses globally by infecting tomato plants (<i>Solanum l...
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2024-12-01
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| author | El-Shawadfy M. Mousa Mohssen Elbagory Magdy E. Mahdy Hanaa A. Abo-Koura Alaa El-Dein Omara |
| author_facet | El-Shawadfy M. Mousa Mohssen Elbagory Magdy E. Mahdy Hanaa A. Abo-Koura Alaa El-Dein Omara |
| author_sort | El-Shawadfy M. Mousa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, interest in using encapsulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematodes has increased. Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne parasites that mostly cause annual commercial losses globally by infecting tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). In this work, tomato plants (cv. GS) were grown in a greenhouse to test the effectiveness of encapsulated <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> with or without humic acid or in liquid form at different inoculum levels against <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> and their impact on different growth parameters. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize the microencapsulation of <i>B. megaterium</i> as well as viability and protease production In vitro. In a greenhouse experiment, humic acid-encapsulated <i>B. megaterium</i> resulted in a significant decrease in nematode parameters compared to the control group. When compared to other inoculants, the use of 10 capsules/plant decreased nematode infestation and enhanced plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and photosynthetic pigments. These results are reflected in increased dehydrogenase activity, total bacterial count, and acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil 30 and 60 days after transplanting. Therefore, to increase the development dynamics of tomato plants and reduce nematode infestation, we advise using <i>B. megaterium</i> capsules supplemented with humic acid. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d13aa58c67c4c60aea716ee330c14ec |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d13aa58c67c4c60aea716ee330c14ec2025-08-20T02:55:45ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-12-011012128410.3390/horticulturae10121284Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse ConditionsEl-Shawadfy M. Mousa0Mohssen Elbagory1Magdy E. Mahdy2Hanaa A. Abo-Koura3Alaa El-Dein Omara4Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32516, EgyptDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail 61321, Assir, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32516, EgyptSoil Microbiology Research Department, Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12112, EgyptSoil Microbiology Research Department, Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12112, EgyptIn recent years, interest in using encapsulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematodes has increased. Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne parasites that mostly cause annual commercial losses globally by infecting tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). In this work, tomato plants (cv. GS) were grown in a greenhouse to test the effectiveness of encapsulated <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> with or without humic acid or in liquid form at different inoculum levels against <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> and their impact on different growth parameters. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize the microencapsulation of <i>B. megaterium</i> as well as viability and protease production In vitro. In a greenhouse experiment, humic acid-encapsulated <i>B. megaterium</i> resulted in a significant decrease in nematode parameters compared to the control group. When compared to other inoculants, the use of 10 capsules/plant decreased nematode infestation and enhanced plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and photosynthetic pigments. These results are reflected in increased dehydrogenase activity, total bacterial count, and acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil 30 and 60 days after transplanting. Therefore, to increase the development dynamics of tomato plants and reduce nematode infestation, we advise using <i>B. megaterium</i> capsules supplemented with humic acid.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1284<i>Meloidogyne javanica</i><i>B. megaterium</i>tomatoalginatehumic acid |
| spellingShingle | El-Shawadfy M. Mousa Mohssen Elbagory Magdy E. Mahdy Hanaa A. Abo-Koura Alaa El-Dein Omara Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions Horticulturae <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> <i>B. megaterium</i> tomato alginate humic acid |
| title | Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions |
| title_full | Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions |
| title_short | Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Under Greenhouse Conditions |
| title_sort | microencapsulation of i bacillus megaterium i in humic acid supplied alginate beads enhances tomato growth and suppresses the root knot nematode i meloidogyne javanica i under greenhouse conditions |
| topic | <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> <i>B. megaterium</i> tomato alginate humic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1284 |
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