The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Following the introduction of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis, underscoring the need for robust health security frameworks and preparedness measures. This study conducts a scoping...

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Main Authors: Danik Iga Prasiska, Kennedy Mensah Osei, Durga Datta Chapagain, Vasuki Rajaguru, Tae Hyun Kim, Sun Joo Kang, Sang Gyu Lee, Suk-Yong Jang, Whiejong Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ubiquity Press 2025-03-01
Series:Annals of Global Health
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Online Access:https://account.annalsofglobalhealth.org/index.php/up-j-agh/article/view/4625
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author Danik Iga Prasiska
Kennedy Mensah Osei
Durga Datta Chapagain
Vasuki Rajaguru
Tae Hyun Kim
Sun Joo Kang
Sang Gyu Lee
Suk-Yong Jang
Whiejong Han
author_facet Danik Iga Prasiska
Kennedy Mensah Osei
Durga Datta Chapagain
Vasuki Rajaguru
Tae Hyun Kim
Sun Joo Kang
Sang Gyu Lee
Suk-Yong Jang
Whiejong Han
author_sort Danik Iga Prasiska
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Following the introduction of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis, underscoring the need for robust health security frameworks and preparedness measures. This study conducts a scoping review to analyze the existing literature on the GHSI and assess national COVID‑19 responses across different countries. Method: A comprehensive search of electronic databases (EBSCO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted for articles published from 2020 to 2024. Search terms included “Global Health Security Index” and terms related to COVID‑19. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‑ScR) guidelines. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), adjusted for cross‑sectional studies, was used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 3,243 studies were identified, of which 20 were finalized for data synthesis. Specific COVID‑19 parameters were analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of each country’s pandemic response capacity. Among the selected studies, 17 (85%) had a low risk of bias, while 3 (15%) had a medium risk. Countries’ response capacities were categorized into five key parameters: detection, mortality, transmission, fatality, and recovery. Findings revealed significant discrepancies between GHSI scores and actual national responses, with some high‑scoring countries struggling to control the pandemic. This raises concerns about the GHSI’s predictive reliability. Conclusion: The study highlights that the GHSI does not fully capture a country’s capacity to respond effectively to COVID‑19. However, it remains a valuable tool for identifying gaps in pandemic preparedness. To enhance its relevance, the index should integrate a wider range of factors, including political leadership, governance, public health infrastructure, and socio‑cultural elements, which are crucial in managing public health emergencies.
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spelling doaj-art-3d121a3b7d644cd984011bc012349f1e2025-08-20T02:26:41ZengUbiquity PressAnnals of Global Health2214-99962025-03-01911151510.5334/aogh.46254625The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping ReviewDanik Iga Prasiska0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-9750Kennedy Mensah Osei1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-3512Durga Datta Chapagain2https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1522-1996Vasuki Rajaguru3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-2814Tae Hyun Kim4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1053-8958Sun Joo Kang5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-2558Sang Gyu Lee6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-2421Suk-Yong Jang7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-1505Whiejong Han8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7183-0421Global Health Security, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulGlobal Health Security, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulGlobal Health Security, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulHealthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulHealthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulDepartment of Global Health and Disease Control, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulDepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, SeoulHealthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulDepartment of Global Health and Disease Control, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, SeoulIntroduction: Following the introduction of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis, underscoring the need for robust health security frameworks and preparedness measures. This study conducts a scoping review to analyze the existing literature on the GHSI and assess national COVID‑19 responses across different countries. Method: A comprehensive search of electronic databases (EBSCO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted for articles published from 2020 to 2024. Search terms included “Global Health Security Index” and terms related to COVID‑19. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‑ScR) guidelines. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), adjusted for cross‑sectional studies, was used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 3,243 studies were identified, of which 20 were finalized for data synthesis. Specific COVID‑19 parameters were analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of each country’s pandemic response capacity. Among the selected studies, 17 (85%) had a low risk of bias, while 3 (15%) had a medium risk. Countries’ response capacities were categorized into five key parameters: detection, mortality, transmission, fatality, and recovery. Findings revealed significant discrepancies between GHSI scores and actual national responses, with some high‑scoring countries struggling to control the pandemic. This raises concerns about the GHSI’s predictive reliability. Conclusion: The study highlights that the GHSI does not fully capture a country’s capacity to respond effectively to COVID‑19. However, it remains a valuable tool for identifying gaps in pandemic preparedness. To enhance its relevance, the index should integrate a wider range of factors, including political leadership, governance, public health infrastructure, and socio‑cultural elements, which are crucial in managing public health emergencies.https://account.annalsofglobalhealth.org/index.php/up-j-agh/article/view/4625covid‑19global healthindexresponsesecurity
spellingShingle Danik Iga Prasiska
Kennedy Mensah Osei
Durga Datta Chapagain
Vasuki Rajaguru
Tae Hyun Kim
Sun Joo Kang
Sang Gyu Lee
Suk-Yong Jang
Whiejong Han
The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review
Annals of Global Health
covid‑19
global health
index
response
security
title The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review
title_full The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review
title_short The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review
title_sort global health security index and its role in shaping national covid 19 response capacities a scoping review
topic covid‑19
global health
index
response
security
url https://account.annalsofglobalhealth.org/index.php/up-j-agh/article/view/4625
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