Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants

The continuous emergence of highly immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has challenged vaccine efficacy. A vaccine that can provide broad protection is desirable. We evaluated the immunogenicity of a series of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus-vectored vaccines containing the spikes of Wildtype (WT),...

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Main Authors: Hengchun Li, Chenchen Yang, Li Yin, Wenming Liu, Zhengyuan Zhang, Bo Liu, Xinxin Sun, Wenhao Liu, Zihan Lin, Zijian Liu, Ping He, Ying Feng, Chunhua Wang, Wei Wang, Suhua Guan, Qian Wang, Ling Chen, Pingchao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2024.2387447
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author Hengchun Li
Chenchen Yang
Li Yin
Wenming Liu
Zhengyuan Zhang
Bo Liu
Xinxin Sun
Wenhao Liu
Zihan Lin
Zijian Liu
Ping He
Ying Feng
Chunhua Wang
Wei Wang
Suhua Guan
Qian Wang
Ling Chen
Pingchao Li
author_facet Hengchun Li
Chenchen Yang
Li Yin
Wenming Liu
Zhengyuan Zhang
Bo Liu
Xinxin Sun
Wenhao Liu
Zihan Lin
Zijian Liu
Ping He
Ying Feng
Chunhua Wang
Wei Wang
Suhua Guan
Qian Wang
Ling Chen
Pingchao Li
author_sort Hengchun Li
collection DOAJ
description The continuous emergence of highly immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has challenged vaccine efficacy. A vaccine that can provide broad protection is desirable. We evaluated the immunogenicity of a series of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus-vectored vaccines containing the spikes of Wildtype (WT), Beta, Delta, Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.13, BA.3, BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB. Vaccination in mice using monovalent vaccines elicited the highest neutralizing titers against each self-matched strain, but against other variants were reduced 2− to 73-fold. A bivalent vaccine consisting of WT and BA.5 broadened the neutralizing breadth against pre-Omicron and Omicron subvariants except XBB. Among bivalent vaccines based on the strains before the emergence of XBB, a bivalent vaccine consisting of BA.2 and BA.5 elicited the most potent neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants, including XBB. In mice primed with injected WT vaccine, intranasal booster with a bivalent vaccine containing XBB and BA.5 could elicit broad serum and respiratory mucosal neutralizing antibodies against all late Omicron subvariants, including XBB. In mice that had been sequentially vaccinated with WT and BA.5, intranasal booster with a monovalent XBB vaccine elicited greater serum and mucosal XBB neutralizing antibodies than bivalent vaccines containing XBB. Both monovalent and bivalent XBB vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies against EG.5. Unlike the antibody response, which is highly variant-specific, mice receiving either monovalent or bivalent vaccines elicited comparable T-cell responses against all variants. Furthermore, intranasal but not intramuscular booster induced antigen-specific lung resident T cells. This study provides insights into the design of the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-3d006198f7bf443e9016caa40d1e496b2025-08-20T02:21:03ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512024-12-0113110.1080/22221751.2024.2387447Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variantsHengchun Li0Chenchen Yang1Li Yin2Wenming Liu3Zhengyuan Zhang4Bo Liu5Xinxin Sun6Wenhao Liu7Zihan Lin8Zijian Liu9Ping He10Ying Feng11Chunhua Wang12Wei Wang13Suhua Guan14Qian Wang15Ling Chen16Pingchao Li17State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou Bio-island Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe continuous emergence of highly immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has challenged vaccine efficacy. A vaccine that can provide broad protection is desirable. We evaluated the immunogenicity of a series of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus-vectored vaccines containing the spikes of Wildtype (WT), Beta, Delta, Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.13, BA.3, BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB. Vaccination in mice using monovalent vaccines elicited the highest neutralizing titers against each self-matched strain, but against other variants were reduced 2− to 73-fold. A bivalent vaccine consisting of WT and BA.5 broadened the neutralizing breadth against pre-Omicron and Omicron subvariants except XBB. Among bivalent vaccines based on the strains before the emergence of XBB, a bivalent vaccine consisting of BA.2 and BA.5 elicited the most potent neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants, including XBB. In mice primed with injected WT vaccine, intranasal booster with a bivalent vaccine containing XBB and BA.5 could elicit broad serum and respiratory mucosal neutralizing antibodies against all late Omicron subvariants, including XBB. In mice that had been sequentially vaccinated with WT and BA.5, intranasal booster with a monovalent XBB vaccine elicited greater serum and mucosal XBB neutralizing antibodies than bivalent vaccines containing XBB. Both monovalent and bivalent XBB vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies against EG.5. Unlike the antibody response, which is highly variant-specific, mice receiving either monovalent or bivalent vaccines elicited comparable T-cell responses against all variants. Furthermore, intranasal but not intramuscular booster induced antigen-specific lung resident T cells. This study provides insights into the design of the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination strategies.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2024.2387447AdenovirusCOVID-19Omicronmonovalent vaccinebivalent vaccineimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Hengchun Li
Chenchen Yang
Li Yin
Wenming Liu
Zhengyuan Zhang
Bo Liu
Xinxin Sun
Wenhao Liu
Zihan Lin
Zijian Liu
Ping He
Ying Feng
Chunhua Wang
Wei Wang
Suhua Guan
Qian Wang
Ling Chen
Pingchao Li
Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Adenovirus
COVID-19
Omicron
monovalent vaccine
bivalent vaccine
immunogenicity
title Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants
title_full Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants
title_fullStr Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants
title_full_unstemmed Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants
title_short Comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late SARS-CoV-2 variants
title_sort comparative immunogenicity of monovalent and bivalent adenovirus vaccines carrying spikes of early and late sars cov 2 variants
topic Adenovirus
COVID-19
Omicron
monovalent vaccine
bivalent vaccine
immunogenicity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2024.2387447
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