Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features

Pork accounts for 34% of global meat consumption, following poultry and beef. Intensive pig farming has expanded to meet increasing demand, but space constraints and poor environmental conditions can negatively affect pig welfare. This study aimed to investigate pigs’ spatial preferences in response...

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Main Authors: Dae Yeong Kang, Byeong Eun Moon, Myeong Yong Kang, Jung Hoo Kook, Nibas Chandra Deb, Niraj Tamrakar, Elanchezhian Arulmozhi, Hyeon Tae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1282
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author Dae Yeong Kang
Byeong Eun Moon
Myeong Yong Kang
Jung Hoo Kook
Nibas Chandra Deb
Niraj Tamrakar
Elanchezhian Arulmozhi
Hyeon Tae Kim
author_facet Dae Yeong Kang
Byeong Eun Moon
Myeong Yong Kang
Jung Hoo Kook
Nibas Chandra Deb
Niraj Tamrakar
Elanchezhian Arulmozhi
Hyeon Tae Kim
author_sort Dae Yeong Kang
collection DOAJ
description Pork accounts for 34% of global meat consumption, following poultry and beef. Intensive pig farming has expanded to meet increasing demand, but space constraints and poor environmental conditions can negatively affect pig welfare. This study aimed to investigate pigs’ spatial preferences in response to environmental factors in an experimental pig barn. Six 60-day-old Yorkshire pigs were observed for 60 days. Indoor temperature (IT), relative humidity (IRH), and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (ICO<sub>2</sub>) were measured hourly, and pig positions were recorded using an RGB 2D-IP camera. Pearson correlation analysis was performed using SPSS. IT ranged from 14.3 °C to 25.1 °C, IRH from 78.9% to 96.5%, and ICO<sub>2</sub> from 1038 to 1850 ppm. A strong negative correlation was found between IT and IRH (r = −0.89), while IT and ICO<sub>2</sub> were uncorrelated (r = −0.01). Pigs showed a clear preference for sections with lower IT, supporting previous findings on thermal preference. Structural features, such as two-wall enclosures, also influenced stay frequency. These results suggest that optimizing barn structure and improving ventilation and manure management can support thermal comfort and improve welfare in intensive pig farming systems.
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spelling doaj-art-3cec4fdc5c724352a4ee98650fcdbb3c2025-08-20T03:30:28ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011512128210.3390/agriculture15121282Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities FeaturesDae Yeong Kang0Byeong Eun Moon1Myeong Yong Kang2Jung Hoo Kook3Nibas Chandra Deb4Niraj Tamrakar5Elanchezhian Arulmozhi6Hyeon Tae Kim7Department of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Suncheon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Bio-Systems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Bio-Systems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Bio-Systems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaPork accounts for 34% of global meat consumption, following poultry and beef. Intensive pig farming has expanded to meet increasing demand, but space constraints and poor environmental conditions can negatively affect pig welfare. This study aimed to investigate pigs’ spatial preferences in response to environmental factors in an experimental pig barn. Six 60-day-old Yorkshire pigs were observed for 60 days. Indoor temperature (IT), relative humidity (IRH), and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (ICO<sub>2</sub>) were measured hourly, and pig positions were recorded using an RGB 2D-IP camera. Pearson correlation analysis was performed using SPSS. IT ranged from 14.3 °C to 25.1 °C, IRH from 78.9% to 96.5%, and ICO<sub>2</sub> from 1038 to 1850 ppm. A strong negative correlation was found between IT and IRH (r = −0.89), while IT and ICO<sub>2</sub> were uncorrelated (r = −0.01). Pigs showed a clear preference for sections with lower IT, supporting previous findings on thermal preference. Structural features, such as two-wall enclosures, also influenced stay frequency. These results suggest that optimizing barn structure and improving ventilation and manure management can support thermal comfort and improve welfare in intensive pig farming systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1282pigexperimental pig barnpig preferencepig tendency
spellingShingle Dae Yeong Kang
Byeong Eun Moon
Myeong Yong Kang
Jung Hoo Kook
Nibas Chandra Deb
Niraj Tamrakar
Elanchezhian Arulmozhi
Hyeon Tae Kim
Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features
Agriculture
pig
experimental pig barn
pig preference
pig tendency
title Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features
title_full Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features
title_fullStr Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features
title_short Analysis of Pig Tendencies to Stay Specific Sections Within the Pig Barn According to Environmental Parameters and Facilities Features
title_sort analysis of pig tendencies to stay specific sections within the pig barn according to environmental parameters and facilities features
topic pig
experimental pig barn
pig preference
pig tendency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1282
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