Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes

BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains a major health burden in China, where surgical resection is the mainstay of curative therapy. The conventional minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown), although oncologically effective, entails transthoracic access and single-lung v...

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Main Authors: Zhichao Ni, Zigui Zhu, Xin Shi, Xi Xia, Yan Liu, YeHua Cui, Yi Zhang, Jianxin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1644505/full
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author Zhichao Ni
Zigui Zhu
Xin Shi
Xi Xia
Yan Liu
YeHua Cui
Yi Zhang
Jianxin Zhang
author_facet Zhichao Ni
Zigui Zhu
Xin Shi
Xi Xia
Yan Liu
YeHua Cui
Yi Zhang
Jianxin Zhang
author_sort Zhichao Ni
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains a major health burden in China, where surgical resection is the mainstay of curative therapy. The conventional minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown), although oncologically effective, entails transthoracic access and single-lung ventilation, often resulting in higher postoperative morbidity. Thoraco-laparoscopic transmediastinal esophagectomy has emerged as a novel alternative that may mitigate these risks while preserving oncologic integrity.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 268 patients with resectable middle or lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (clinical stage I–III), including 131 who underwent transmediastinal esophagectomy and 137 who received MIE-McKeown. Outcomes assessed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, lymph node yield, complication profiles, recovery indicators, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and 6-month disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical comparisons were performed using t-tests, χ² tests, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe transmediastinal esophagectomy group exhibited significantly shorter operative time (197.2 ± 25.9 vs. 286.5 ± 32.1 min, P<0.001) and reduced blood loss (155.4 ± 40.2 vs. 260.7 ± 65.1 mL, P<0.001). Time to oral intake (4.6 ± 1.1 vs. 6.2 ± 1.3 days, P<0.001), drainage duration (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 4.4 ± 0.7 days, P<0.001), and hospital stay (9.3 ± 1.8 vs. 11.1 ± 2.2 days, P<0.001) were all significantly improved in the transmediastinal esophagectomy group. The incidence of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III complications was lower (7.6% vs. 16.0%, P=0.043), particularly pneumonia (7.6% vs. 18.2%, P=0.009) and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (4.6% vs. 11.7%, P=0.031). Lymph node harvest was comparable (21.4 ± 6.2 vs. 22.1 ± 5.9, P=0.344). Three-month quality-of-life scores were higher in the transmediastinal esophagectomy group for global health (73.4 ± 12.1 vs. 66.5 ± 13.4, P=0.005), physical functioning (78.2 ± 11.8 vs. 70.6 ± 13.6, P=0.008), and role functioning (72.1 ± 14.2 vs. 64.3 ± 15.1, P=0.011). The 6-month DFS rates were similar between groups (93.1% vs. 91.2%, log-rank P=0.327).ConclusionsThoraco-laparoscopic transmediastinal esophagectomy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to the McKeown approach in selected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. It provides superior perioperative outcomes and enhanced recovery without compromising short-term oncologic efficacy.
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spelling doaj-art-3cebce2dfd844f6a85fe9fa2a8d024962025-08-20T04:02:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-08-011510.3389/fonc.2025.16445051644505Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomesZhichao Ni0Zigui Zhu1Xin Shi2Xi Xia3Yan Liu4YeHua Cui5Yi Zhang6Jianxin Zhang7Department of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaIntensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Xupu County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Breast Surgery, Changsha Fourth Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaBackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains a major health burden in China, where surgical resection is the mainstay of curative therapy. The conventional minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown), although oncologically effective, entails transthoracic access and single-lung ventilation, often resulting in higher postoperative morbidity. Thoraco-laparoscopic transmediastinal esophagectomy has emerged as a novel alternative that may mitigate these risks while preserving oncologic integrity.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 268 patients with resectable middle or lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (clinical stage I–III), including 131 who underwent transmediastinal esophagectomy and 137 who received MIE-McKeown. Outcomes assessed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, lymph node yield, complication profiles, recovery indicators, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and 6-month disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical comparisons were performed using t-tests, χ² tests, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe transmediastinal esophagectomy group exhibited significantly shorter operative time (197.2 ± 25.9 vs. 286.5 ± 32.1 min, P<0.001) and reduced blood loss (155.4 ± 40.2 vs. 260.7 ± 65.1 mL, P<0.001). Time to oral intake (4.6 ± 1.1 vs. 6.2 ± 1.3 days, P<0.001), drainage duration (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 4.4 ± 0.7 days, P<0.001), and hospital stay (9.3 ± 1.8 vs. 11.1 ± 2.2 days, P<0.001) were all significantly improved in the transmediastinal esophagectomy group. The incidence of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III complications was lower (7.6% vs. 16.0%, P=0.043), particularly pneumonia (7.6% vs. 18.2%, P=0.009) and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (4.6% vs. 11.7%, P=0.031). Lymph node harvest was comparable (21.4 ± 6.2 vs. 22.1 ± 5.9, P=0.344). Three-month quality-of-life scores were higher in the transmediastinal esophagectomy group for global health (73.4 ± 12.1 vs. 66.5 ± 13.4, P=0.005), physical functioning (78.2 ± 11.8 vs. 70.6 ± 13.6, P=0.008), and role functioning (72.1 ± 14.2 vs. 64.3 ± 15.1, P=0.011). The 6-month DFS rates were similar between groups (93.1% vs. 91.2%, log-rank P=0.327).ConclusionsThoraco-laparoscopic transmediastinal esophagectomy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to the McKeown approach in selected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. It provides superior perioperative outcomes and enhanced recovery without compromising short-term oncologic efficacy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1644505/fullesophageal cancertransmediastinal esophagectomyMcKeown procedureminimally invasive surgerysurgical outcomespostoperative complications
spellingShingle Zhichao Ni
Zigui Zhu
Xin Shi
Xi Xia
Yan Liu
YeHua Cui
Yi Zhang
Jianxin Zhang
Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes
Frontiers in Oncology
esophageal cancer
transmediastinal esophagectomy
McKeown procedure
minimally invasive surgery
surgical outcomes
postoperative complications
title Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes
title_full Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes
title_fullStr Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes
title_short Comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: perioperative and oncologic outcomes
title_sort comparative evaluation of transmediastinal and minimally invasive mckeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer perioperative and oncologic outcomes
topic esophageal cancer
transmediastinal esophagectomy
McKeown procedure
minimally invasive surgery
surgical outcomes
postoperative complications
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1644505/full
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