Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment

A multi-objective optimization is performed to obtain fueling conditions in hydrogen stations leading to improved filling times and thermodynamic efficiency (entropy production) of the de facto standard of operation, which is defined by the protocol SAE J2601. After finding the Pareto frontier betwe...

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Main Authors: Bruno F. Santoro, David Rincón, Diego F. Mendoza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Entropy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/735
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author Bruno F. Santoro
David Rincón
Diego F. Mendoza
author_facet Bruno F. Santoro
David Rincón
Diego F. Mendoza
author_sort Bruno F. Santoro
collection DOAJ
description A multi-objective optimization is performed to obtain fueling conditions in hydrogen stations leading to improved filling times and thermodynamic efficiency (entropy production) of the de facto standard of operation, which is defined by the protocol SAE J2601. After finding the Pareto frontier between filling time and total entropy production, it was found that SAE J2601 is suboptimal in terms of these process variables. Specifically, reductions of filling time from 47 to 77% are possible in the analyzed range of ambient temperatures (from 10 to 40 °C) with higher saving potential the hotter the weather conditions. Maximum entropy production savings with respect to SAE J2601 (7% for 10 °C, 1% for 40 °C) demand a longer filling time that increases with ambient temperature (264% for 10 °C, 350% for 40 °C). Considering average electricity prices in California, USA, the operating cost of the filling process can be reduced between 8 and 28% without increasing the expected filling time.
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spelling doaj-art-3cdf0a8bee1547aabef36c9ef5314d4d2025-08-20T01:55:31ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002024-08-0126973510.3390/e26090735Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic AssessmentBruno F. Santoro0David Rincón1Diego F. Mendoza2Op2B—Optimization to Business, Av. Pompéia, 723, São Paulo 05023-000, BrazilDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, ColombiaA multi-objective optimization is performed to obtain fueling conditions in hydrogen stations leading to improved filling times and thermodynamic efficiency (entropy production) of the de facto standard of operation, which is defined by the protocol SAE J2601. After finding the Pareto frontier between filling time and total entropy production, it was found that SAE J2601 is suboptimal in terms of these process variables. Specifically, reductions of filling time from 47 to 77% are possible in the analyzed range of ambient temperatures (from 10 to 40 °C) with higher saving potential the hotter the weather conditions. Maximum entropy production savings with respect to SAE J2601 (7% for 10 °C, 1% for 40 °C) demand a longer filling time that increases with ambient temperature (264% for 10 °C, 350% for 40 °C). Considering average electricity prices in California, USA, the operating cost of the filling process can be reduced between 8 and 28% without increasing the expected filling time.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/735dynamic optimizationenergy efficiencyvehicle fuelingirreversibility analysis
spellingShingle Bruno F. Santoro
David Rincón
Diego F. Mendoza
Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment
Entropy
dynamic optimization
energy efficiency
vehicle fueling
irreversibility analysis
title Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment
title_full Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment
title_fullStr Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment
title_full_unstemmed Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment
title_short Entropy Production and Filling Time in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: An Economic Assessment
title_sort entropy production and filling time in hydrogen refueling stations an economic assessment
topic dynamic optimization
energy efficiency
vehicle fueling
irreversibility analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/735
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AT davidrincon entropyproductionandfillingtimeinhydrogenrefuelingstationsaneconomicassessment
AT diegofmendoza entropyproductionandfillingtimeinhydrogenrefuelingstationsaneconomicassessment