What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources
Abstract We combine wavelet analysis and data fusion to investigate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on the Mäntsälä pipeline and the associated horizontal geomagnetic field, BH, variations during the late main phase of the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm. The wavelet analysis decomposes the...
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003980 |
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| author | Bhagyashree Waghule D. J. Knipp J. L. Gannon D. Billet S. K. Vines J. Goldstein |
| author_facet | Bhagyashree Waghule D. J. Knipp J. L. Gannon D. Billet S. K. Vines J. Goldstein |
| author_sort | Bhagyashree Waghule |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We combine wavelet analysis and data fusion to investigate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on the Mäntsälä pipeline and the associated horizontal geomagnetic field, BH, variations during the late main phase of the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm. The wavelet analysis decomposes the GIC and BH signals at increasing “scales” to show distinct multi‐minute spectral features around the GIC spikes. Four GIC spikes >10 A occurred while the pipeline was in the dusk sector—the first sine‐wave‐like spike at ∼16 UT was “compound.” It was followed by three “self‐similar” spikes 2 hr later. The contemporaneous multi‐resolution observations from ground‐(magnetometer, SuperMAG, SuperDARN), and space‐based (AMPERE, Two Wide‐Angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers) platforms capture multi‐scale activity to reveal two magnetospheric modes causing the spikes. The GIC at ∼16 UT occurred in two parts with the negative spike associated with a transient sub‐auroral eastward electrojet that closed a developing partial ring current loop, whereas the positive spike developed with the arrival of the associated mesoscale flow‐channel in the auroral zone. The three spikes between 18 and 19 UT were due to bursty bulk flows (BBFs). We attribute all spikes to flow‐channel injections (substorms) of varying scales. We use previously published MHD simulations of the event to substantiate our conclusions, given the dearth of timely in‐situ satellite observations. Our results show that multi‐scale magnetosphere‐ionosphere activity that drives GICs can be understood using multi‐resolution analysis. This new framework of combining wavelet analysis with multi‐platform observations opens a research avenue for GIC investigations and other space weather impacts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3cddaa1ab2fb458da73313348d75135d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-3cddaa1ab2fb458da73313348d75135d2025-08-20T03:08:50ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902024-07-01227n/an/a10.1029/2024SW003980What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric SourcesBhagyashree Waghule0D. J. Knipp1J. L. Gannon2D. Billet3S. K. Vines4J. Goldstein5University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USAUniversity of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USAComputational Physics Inc. Boulder CO USAUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK CanadaSouthwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USASouthwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USAAbstract We combine wavelet analysis and data fusion to investigate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on the Mäntsälä pipeline and the associated horizontal geomagnetic field, BH, variations during the late main phase of the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm. The wavelet analysis decomposes the GIC and BH signals at increasing “scales” to show distinct multi‐minute spectral features around the GIC spikes. Four GIC spikes >10 A occurred while the pipeline was in the dusk sector—the first sine‐wave‐like spike at ∼16 UT was “compound.” It was followed by three “self‐similar” spikes 2 hr later. The contemporaneous multi‐resolution observations from ground‐(magnetometer, SuperMAG, SuperDARN), and space‐based (AMPERE, Two Wide‐Angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers) platforms capture multi‐scale activity to reveal two magnetospheric modes causing the spikes. The GIC at ∼16 UT occurred in two parts with the negative spike associated with a transient sub‐auroral eastward electrojet that closed a developing partial ring current loop, whereas the positive spike developed with the arrival of the associated mesoscale flow‐channel in the auroral zone. The three spikes between 18 and 19 UT were due to bursty bulk flows (BBFs). We attribute all spikes to flow‐channel injections (substorms) of varying scales. We use previously published MHD simulations of the event to substantiate our conclusions, given the dearth of timely in‐situ satellite observations. Our results show that multi‐scale magnetosphere‐ionosphere activity that drives GICs can be understood using multi‐resolution analysis. This new framework of combining wavelet analysis with multi‐platform observations opens a research avenue for GIC investigations and other space weather impacts.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003980geomagnetically induced currents (GICs)magnetosphereionospherefield‐aligned currents (FACs)bursty bulk flowflow channels |
| spellingShingle | Bhagyashree Waghule D. J. Knipp J. L. Gannon D. Billet S. K. Vines J. Goldstein What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources Space Weather geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) magnetosphere ionosphere field‐aligned currents (FACs) bursty bulk flow flow channels |
| title | What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources |
| title_full | What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources |
| title_fullStr | What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources |
| title_short | What Drove the GICs >10 A During the 17 March 2013 Event at Mäntsälä? A Novel Framework for Distinguishing the Magnetospheric Sources |
| title_sort | what drove the gics 10 a during the 17 march 2013 event at mantsala a novel framework for distinguishing the magnetospheric sources |
| topic | geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) magnetosphere ionosphere field‐aligned currents (FACs) bursty bulk flow flow channels |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003980 |
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