Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa

Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are blood-feeding insects closely linked with humans and animals, causing discomfort, and posing potential threats as disease vectors. This study focuses on <i>Cimex lectularius</i> (common bed bug) and <i>Cimex hemipterus</i> (tropical bed bug...

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Main Authors: Dennis M. Mbuta, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Fathiya M. Khamis, Komivi S. Akutse
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/395
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author Dennis M. Mbuta
Bonoukpoè M. Sokame
Fathiya M. Khamis
Komivi S. Akutse
author_facet Dennis M. Mbuta
Bonoukpoè M. Sokame
Fathiya M. Khamis
Komivi S. Akutse
author_sort Dennis M. Mbuta
collection DOAJ
description Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are blood-feeding insects closely linked with humans and animals, causing discomfort, and posing potential threats as disease vectors. This study focuses on <i>Cimex lectularius</i> (common bed bug) and <i>Cimex hemipterus</i> (tropical bed bug), the two key species identified in Africa. <i>Cimex lectularius</i> infests human habitats, while <i>C. hemipterus</i>, more common in Africa, infests diverse habitats, including bat colonies. In our study, we investigated the infestation dynamics and distribution of bed bugs in Africa, when considering climate, habitat, and host availability using system dynamics and ecological niche modelling techniques. System dynamics modelling analyses in Kenya revealed varied infestation dynamics, with Mombasa having high <i>C. lectularius</i> prevalence, Nairobi having lower coexistence, and Makueni/Bomet <i>C. hemipterus</i> showing dominance. Across Africa, <i>C. hemipterus</i> prevails, especially in central and coastal areas, while <i>C. lectularius</i> has lower suitability, with isolated high-suitability zones. Both species coexist in central/southern Africa, parts of the east, and coastal areas in septentrional/west Africa. The Sahara’s extreme conditions challenge both bed bug species’ survival, emphasizing climate’s role in their infestation and distribution dynamics. Insights into bed bug ecology in Africa underscore the need for comprehensive pest management and public health strategies in the continent.
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spelling doaj-art-3cdd334f8c084299b44d2a85d99006e92025-08-20T02:18:11ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-04-0116439510.3390/insects16040395Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in AfricaDennis M. Mbuta0Bonoukpoè M. Sokame1Fathiya M. Khamis2Komivi S. Akutse3International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, KenyaBed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are blood-feeding insects closely linked with humans and animals, causing discomfort, and posing potential threats as disease vectors. This study focuses on <i>Cimex lectularius</i> (common bed bug) and <i>Cimex hemipterus</i> (tropical bed bug), the two key species identified in Africa. <i>Cimex lectularius</i> infests human habitats, while <i>C. hemipterus</i>, more common in Africa, infests diverse habitats, including bat colonies. In our study, we investigated the infestation dynamics and distribution of bed bugs in Africa, when considering climate, habitat, and host availability using system dynamics and ecological niche modelling techniques. System dynamics modelling analyses in Kenya revealed varied infestation dynamics, with Mombasa having high <i>C. lectularius</i> prevalence, Nairobi having lower coexistence, and Makueni/Bomet <i>C. hemipterus</i> showing dominance. Across Africa, <i>C. hemipterus</i> prevails, especially in central and coastal areas, while <i>C. lectularius</i> has lower suitability, with isolated high-suitability zones. Both species coexist in central/southern Africa, parts of the east, and coastal areas in septentrional/west Africa. The Sahara’s extreme conditions challenge both bed bug species’ survival, emphasizing climate’s role in their infestation and distribution dynamics. Insights into bed bug ecology in Africa underscore the need for comprehensive pest management and public health strategies in the continent.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/395bed bugsinfestation dynamicsdistributionoverlapMaxEntsuitability zones
spellingShingle Dennis M. Mbuta
Bonoukpoè M. Sokame
Fathiya M. Khamis
Komivi S. Akutse
Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa
Insects
bed bugs
infestation dynamics
distribution
overlap
MaxEnt
suitability zones
title Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa
title_full Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa
title_fullStr Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa
title_full_unstemmed Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa
title_short Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa
title_sort know where you go infestation dynamics and potential distribution of two bed bug species hemiptera cimicidae in africa
topic bed bugs
infestation dynamics
distribution
overlap
MaxEnt
suitability zones
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/395
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