Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties

Excessive tillage and chemical fertilization are the primary attributes of conventional farming and the main causes of soil degradation. This research focused on the comparative study of two tillage systems: conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT), as well as on the effect of chemical fertilizers and...

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Main Authors: Ana Ursu, Irina Gabriela Cara, Geanina Bireescu, Mariana Rusu, Gabriel Dumitru Mihu, Segla Serginho Cakpo, Denis Țopa, Gerard Jităreanu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1285
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author Ana Ursu
Irina Gabriela Cara
Geanina Bireescu
Mariana Rusu
Gabriel Dumitru Mihu
Segla Serginho Cakpo
Denis Țopa
Gerard Jităreanu
author_facet Ana Ursu
Irina Gabriela Cara
Geanina Bireescu
Mariana Rusu
Gabriel Dumitru Mihu
Segla Serginho Cakpo
Denis Țopa
Gerard Jităreanu
author_sort Ana Ursu
collection DOAJ
description Excessive tillage and chemical fertilization are the primary attributes of conventional farming and the main causes of soil degradation. This research focused on the comparative study of two tillage systems: conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT), as well as on the effect of chemical fertilizers and different <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> var. <i>phosphaticum</i> inoculum rates (75, 100 and 125%) on soil properties. This short-term experiment was conducted under field conditions in Northeastern Romania from 2023 to 2024. Soil dehydrogenase, catalase, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH, organic carbon content (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus, and available phosphorus (TP and AP) were determined. <i>Bacillus</i> treatments generally inhibited soil enzyme activity by 0.35 to 57%, depending on the enzyme type. Under NT, activity increased by up to 59% for dehydrogenase, 43% for acid phosphatase, and 70% for alkaline phosphatase compared to the CT system. An opposite trend was found for catalase, along with a negative correlation with the other enzymes. There were positive differences in TP concentration at 125% Ecofertil + N in both CT (0.0577 ppm) and NT (0.0578 ppm) in 2023 compared to the control (0.0346–0.0374 ppm). In the same year, after the first inoculation, AP increased significantly with bacterial treatments in CT, from 32.34% (T0) to 47.94% (T4), and at crop harvest in NT in 2024, from 34.18% (T0) to 91.06% (T3). The results suggest that enzymatic activities and soil chemical properties were more influenced by soil management than the interaction between inoculated bacteria and chemical fertilizers.
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spelling doaj-art-3cd7b0c8b1a84b95bea1c316a22e04f02025-08-20T03:24:28ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011512128510.3390/agriculture15121285Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical PropertiesAna Ursu0Irina Gabriela Cara1Geanina Bireescu2Mariana Rusu3Gabriel Dumitru Mihu4Segla Serginho Cakpo5Denis Țopa6Gerard Jităreanu7Department of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaResearch Institute for Agriculture and Environment, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700789 Iasi, RomaniaInstitute of Biological Research, 700107 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaResearch Institute for Agriculture and Environment, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700789 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaExcessive tillage and chemical fertilization are the primary attributes of conventional farming and the main causes of soil degradation. This research focused on the comparative study of two tillage systems: conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT), as well as on the effect of chemical fertilizers and different <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> var. <i>phosphaticum</i> inoculum rates (75, 100 and 125%) on soil properties. This short-term experiment was conducted under field conditions in Northeastern Romania from 2023 to 2024. Soil dehydrogenase, catalase, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH, organic carbon content (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus, and available phosphorus (TP and AP) were determined. <i>Bacillus</i> treatments generally inhibited soil enzyme activity by 0.35 to 57%, depending on the enzyme type. Under NT, activity increased by up to 59% for dehydrogenase, 43% for acid phosphatase, and 70% for alkaline phosphatase compared to the CT system. An opposite trend was found for catalase, along with a negative correlation with the other enzymes. There were positive differences in TP concentration at 125% Ecofertil + N in both CT (0.0577 ppm) and NT (0.0578 ppm) in 2023 compared to the control (0.0346–0.0374 ppm). In the same year, after the first inoculation, AP increased significantly with bacterial treatments in CT, from 32.34% (T0) to 47.94% (T4), and at crop harvest in NT in 2024, from 34.18% (T0) to 91.06% (T3). The results suggest that enzymatic activities and soil chemical properties were more influenced by soil management than the interaction between inoculated bacteria and chemical fertilizers.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1285soil qualitybiofertilizersno-tillagedehydrogenasecatalasephosphatases
spellingShingle Ana Ursu
Irina Gabriela Cara
Geanina Bireescu
Mariana Rusu
Gabriel Dumitru Mihu
Segla Serginho Cakpo
Denis Țopa
Gerard Jităreanu
Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties
Agriculture
soil quality
biofertilizers
no-tillage
dehydrogenase
catalase
phosphatases
title Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties
title_full Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties
title_fullStr Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties
title_short Effects of Tillage Systems and Bacterial Inoculation on Enzyme Activities and Selected Soil Chemical Properties
title_sort effects of tillage systems and bacterial inoculation on enzyme activities and selected soil chemical properties
topic soil quality
biofertilizers
no-tillage
dehydrogenase
catalase
phosphatases
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1285
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AT marianarusu effectsoftillagesystemsandbacterialinoculationonenzymeactivitiesandselectedsoilchemicalproperties
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