Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impairs fracture healing, with neutrophils playing a crucial role in this process. In T2DM, these immune cells are over-activated, leading to the excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), increasing inflammation and hindering recovery....
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Filiz Sahin Regina Breinbauer Caren Linnemann Melike Tombaz Andreas K. Nussler Sabrina Ehnert |
| author_facet | Filiz Sahin Regina Breinbauer Caren Linnemann Melike Tombaz Andreas K. Nussler Sabrina Ehnert |
| author_sort | Filiz Sahin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impairs fracture healing, with neutrophils playing a crucial role in this process. In T2DM, these immune cells are over-activated, leading to the excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), increasing inflammation and hindering recovery. Thus, a need for markers to assess patients in the risk group arises. This study demonstrates that circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be efficiently quantified from serum samples by a single-step qPCR and be used as a marker for NETosis. Our results revealed that trauma patients with T2DM have the highest cfDNA levels, followed by trauma patients, and the healthy group has the lowest. The method shows strong correlations between cfDNA and neutrophil-specific markers such as MPO, citH3, AZU1, and α-defensin, highlighting its potential as a rapid indicator of NETosis. This approach could allow the timely interference for high-risk patients, ultimately improving healing outcomes and reducing complications such as chronic inflammation, non-union fractures, and diabetic foot ulcers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3cc17bf9fdab45959b636bf718279b4e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2409-9279 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Methods and Protocols |
| spelling | doaj-art-3cc17bf9fdab45959b636bf718279b4e2025-08-20T03:13:32ZengMDPI AGMethods and Protocols2409-92792025-04-01824210.3390/mps8020042Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes MellitusFiliz Sahin0Regina Breinbauer1Caren Linnemann2Melike Tombaz3Andreas K. Nussler4Sabrina Ehnert5Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanySiegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanySiegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanySiegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanySiegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanySiegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impairs fracture healing, with neutrophils playing a crucial role in this process. In T2DM, these immune cells are over-activated, leading to the excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), increasing inflammation and hindering recovery. Thus, a need for markers to assess patients in the risk group arises. This study demonstrates that circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be efficiently quantified from serum samples by a single-step qPCR and be used as a marker for NETosis. Our results revealed that trauma patients with T2DM have the highest cfDNA levels, followed by trauma patients, and the healthy group has the lowest. The method shows strong correlations between cfDNA and neutrophil-specific markers such as MPO, citH3, AZU1, and α-defensin, highlighting its potential as a rapid indicator of NETosis. This approach could allow the timely interference for high-risk patients, ultimately improving healing outcomes and reducing complications such as chronic inflammation, non-union fractures, and diabetic foot ulcers.https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/8/2/42neutrophil extracellular trapstraumadiabetes mellitusNET marker |
| spellingShingle | Filiz Sahin Regina Breinbauer Caren Linnemann Melike Tombaz Andreas K. Nussler Sabrina Ehnert Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Methods and Protocols neutrophil extracellular traps trauma diabetes mellitus NET marker |
| title | Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as a NETosis Marker in Trauma Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | quantification of circulating cell free dna as a netosis marker in trauma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | neutrophil extracellular traps trauma diabetes mellitus NET marker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/8/2/42 |
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