Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage
Known for their high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have become ubiquitous in today’s technology landscape. However, they face critical challenges in terms of safety, availability, and sustainability. With the increasing global demand for energy, there is a growing need for alternative, effic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5768 |
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| author | Alan K. X. Tan Shiladitya Paul |
| author_facet | Alan K. X. Tan Shiladitya Paul |
| author_sort | Alan K. X. Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Known for their high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have become ubiquitous in today’s technology landscape. However, they face critical challenges in terms of safety, availability, and sustainability. With the increasing global demand for energy, there is a growing need for alternative, efficient, and sustainable energy storage solutions. This is driving research into non-lithium battery systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on recent advancements in non-lithium battery technologies, specifically sodium-ion, potassium-ion, magnesium-ion, aluminium-ion, zinc-ion, and calcium-ion batteries. By consulting recent peer-reviewed articles and reviews, we examine the key electrochemical properties and underlying chemistry of each battery system. Additionally, we evaluate their safety considerations, environmental sustainability, and recyclability. The reviewed literature highlights the promising potential of non-lithium batteries to address the limitations of lithium-ion batteries, likely to facilitate sustainable and scalable energy storage solutions across diverse applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3cbb189a45b74881892d88272e25a5cd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-3cbb189a45b74881892d88272e25a5cd2025-08-20T02:08:15ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-11-011722576810.3390/en17225768Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy StorageAlan K. X. Tan0Shiladitya Paul1St Edmund’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0BN, UKMaterials Performance and Integrity Technology Group, TWI, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UKKnown for their high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have become ubiquitous in today’s technology landscape. However, they face critical challenges in terms of safety, availability, and sustainability. With the increasing global demand for energy, there is a growing need for alternative, efficient, and sustainable energy storage solutions. This is driving research into non-lithium battery systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on recent advancements in non-lithium battery technologies, specifically sodium-ion, potassium-ion, magnesium-ion, aluminium-ion, zinc-ion, and calcium-ion batteries. By consulting recent peer-reviewed articles and reviews, we examine the key electrochemical properties and underlying chemistry of each battery system. Additionally, we evaluate their safety considerations, environmental sustainability, and recyclability. The reviewed literature highlights the promising potential of non-lithium batteries to address the limitations of lithium-ion batteries, likely to facilitate sustainable and scalable energy storage solutions across diverse applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5768battery materialsenergy storagesodium-ion batteriespotassium-ion batteriesmagnesium-ion batteriesaluminium-ion batteries |
| spellingShingle | Alan K. X. Tan Shiladitya Paul Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage Energies battery materials energy storage sodium-ion batteries potassium-ion batteries magnesium-ion batteries aluminium-ion batteries |
| title | Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage |
| title_full | Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage |
| title_fullStr | Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage |
| title_short | Beyond Lithium: Future Battery Technologies for Sustainable Energy Storage |
| title_sort | beyond lithium future battery technologies for sustainable energy storage |
| topic | battery materials energy storage sodium-ion batteries potassium-ion batteries magnesium-ion batteries aluminium-ion batteries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5768 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alankxtan beyondlithiumfuturebatterytechnologiesforsustainableenergystorage AT shiladityapaul beyondlithiumfuturebatterytechnologiesforsustainableenergystorage |