Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands new antimicrobial strategies. Glyceryl monolaurate (GML) shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like S. aureus but is ineffective against Gram-negative E. coli due to its outer membrane. GML’s limited solubility and susceptibilit...

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Main Authors: Jakub Jagielski, Karolina Dydak, Kaja Jaskot, Dmytro Soloviov, Maciej Kozak, Grzegorz Nowaczyk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21691401.2025.2472928
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author Jakub Jagielski
Karolina Dydak
Kaja Jaskot
Dmytro Soloviov
Maciej Kozak
Grzegorz Nowaczyk
author_facet Jakub Jagielski
Karolina Dydak
Kaja Jaskot
Dmytro Soloviov
Maciej Kozak
Grzegorz Nowaczyk
author_sort Jakub Jagielski
collection DOAJ
description The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands new antimicrobial strategies. Glyceryl monolaurate (GML) shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like S. aureus but is ineffective against Gram-negative E. coli due to its outer membrane. GML’s limited solubility and susceptibility to bacterial lipases hinder its direct use. This study developed glyceryl monooleate (GMO) lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNPs) incorporating GML to enhance its stability and efficacy. Using a central composite design (CCD), an optimal GMO:GML:F127 mass ratio of 26.5:3.5:1.5 was achieved. Characterization via dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) confirmed the formation of bicontinuous cubic phase nanoparticles (Pn3m space group) with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic regions, enabling the incorporation of diverse agents and the presence of sponge-like nanoparticles. The optimized LLCNPs inhibited S. aureus growth at concentrations ≥10 µg/mL by disrupting its membrane potential but showed no activity against E. coli. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that GML incorporation did not significantly affect cell viability compared to pure GMO LLCNPs. This nanoparticle system offers a biocompatible solution for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections and may synergize with existing antibiotics, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
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spelling doaj-art-3c92b83cac094d74a7706e343bbe00542025-08-20T02:30:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupArtificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology2169-14012169-141X2025-12-01531698610.1080/21691401.2025.2472928Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite designJakub Jagielski0Karolina Dydak1Kaja Jaskot2Dmytro Soloviov3Maciej Kozak4Grzegorz Nowaczyk5NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandNanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandNanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biomedical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biomedical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandNanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandThe rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands new antimicrobial strategies. Glyceryl monolaurate (GML) shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like S. aureus but is ineffective against Gram-negative E. coli due to its outer membrane. GML’s limited solubility and susceptibility to bacterial lipases hinder its direct use. This study developed glyceryl monooleate (GMO) lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNPs) incorporating GML to enhance its stability and efficacy. Using a central composite design (CCD), an optimal GMO:GML:F127 mass ratio of 26.5:3.5:1.5 was achieved. Characterization via dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) confirmed the formation of bicontinuous cubic phase nanoparticles (Pn3m space group) with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic regions, enabling the incorporation of diverse agents and the presence of sponge-like nanoparticles. The optimized LLCNPs inhibited S. aureus growth at concentrations ≥10 µg/mL by disrupting its membrane potential but showed no activity against E. coli. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that GML incorporation did not significantly affect cell viability compared to pure GMO LLCNPs. This nanoparticle system offers a biocompatible solution for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections and may synergize with existing antibiotics, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21691401.2025.2472928Lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticlescentral composite designantibacterial lipidglyceryl monolaurate
spellingShingle Jakub Jagielski
Karolina Dydak
Kaja Jaskot
Dmytro Soloviov
Maciej Kozak
Grzegorz Nowaczyk
Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
Lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles
central composite design
antibacterial lipid
glyceryl monolaurate
title Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design
title_full Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design
title_fullStr Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design
title_short Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles – synthesis and optimization by central composite design
title_sort antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles synthesis and optimization by central composite design
topic Lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles
central composite design
antibacterial lipid
glyceryl monolaurate
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21691401.2025.2472928
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