Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity

The methylammonium iodide lead chloride-reduced graphene oxide (MAI:PbCl2-rGO) was prepared via the dipping deposition. In this work, the rGO composited in MAI:PbCl2 was introduced with different weight percents (wt%) between 7 and 10 wt%. All samples have been investigated via Fourier transform inf...

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Main Author: Butsriruk Kwanruthai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-05-01
Series:Science and Engineering of Composite Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2025-0056
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author Butsriruk Kwanruthai
author_facet Butsriruk Kwanruthai
author_sort Butsriruk Kwanruthai
collection DOAJ
description The methylammonium iodide lead chloride-reduced graphene oxide (MAI:PbCl2-rGO) was prepared via the dipping deposition. In this work, the rGO composited in MAI:PbCl2 was introduced with different weight percents (wt%) between 7 and 10 wt%. All samples have been investigated via Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Hall effect to illustrate optical properties, morphological, and electrical properties. The XRD analysis result revealed that the mean grain size of MAI:PbCl2 is 27.46 nm, whereas a suitable crystallite size of 38.07 nm (and has a uniformity crystallite) is the case of the MAI:PbCl2-8wt%rGO obtained, leading to the lowest micro-strain of 0.15. Besides, the activation energy determined from the nature logarithm of conductivity and 1,000/T by using the temperature-dependent electrical transport data was displayed in a temperature range of 298–323 K. It was found that MAI:PbCl2-8 wt% rGO decreases the activation energy to 0.26 eV as well as yields the maximum conductivity of 72.55 S/cm. In this way, adding suitable rGO to MAI:PbCl2 is key to obtaining higher conductivity, which is used to ascertain and describe the nature of the semiconductor material.
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spelling doaj-art-3c86b1d42482467f9163f9bcefc8704b2025-08-20T03:18:42ZengDe GruyterScience and Engineering of Composite Materials2191-03592025-05-013216050110.1515/secm-2025-0056Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivityButsriruk Kwanruthai0College of Engineering, Xi’an International University, Xi’an, 710077, ChinaThe methylammonium iodide lead chloride-reduced graphene oxide (MAI:PbCl2-rGO) was prepared via the dipping deposition. In this work, the rGO composited in MAI:PbCl2 was introduced with different weight percents (wt%) between 7 and 10 wt%. All samples have been investigated via Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Hall effect to illustrate optical properties, morphological, and electrical properties. The XRD analysis result revealed that the mean grain size of MAI:PbCl2 is 27.46 nm, whereas a suitable crystallite size of 38.07 nm (and has a uniformity crystallite) is the case of the MAI:PbCl2-8wt%rGO obtained, leading to the lowest micro-strain of 0.15. Besides, the activation energy determined from the nature logarithm of conductivity and 1,000/T by using the temperature-dependent electrical transport data was displayed in a temperature range of 298–323 K. It was found that MAI:PbCl2-8 wt% rGO decreases the activation energy to 0.26 eV as well as yields the maximum conductivity of 72.55 S/cm. In this way, adding suitable rGO to MAI:PbCl2 is key to obtaining higher conductivity, which is used to ascertain and describe the nature of the semiconductor material.https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2025-0056mai:pbcl2 reduced graphene oxideactivate energymicro-strainconductivity
spellingShingle Butsriruk Kwanruthai
Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
Science and Engineering of Composite Materials
mai:pbcl2
reduced graphene oxide
activate energy
micro-strain
conductivity
title Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
title_full Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
title_fullStr Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
title_short Optimization of rGO content in MAI:PbCl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
title_sort optimization of rgo content in mai pbcl2 composites for enhanced conductivity
topic mai:pbcl2
reduced graphene oxide
activate energy
micro-strain
conductivity
url https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2025-0056
work_keys_str_mv AT butsrirukkwanruthai optimizationofrgocontentinmaipbcl2compositesforenhancedconductivity