Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks
The present study was carried out during 2019–2021 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to observe leaf injury symptoms and number of functional leaves in nine citrus rootstock genotypes subjected to drought stress. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block d...
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Indian Council of Agricultural Research
2025-03-01
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| Series: | The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/159082 |
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| author | AMRUT S MORADE R M SHARMA A K DUBEY LEKSHMY S D M KADAM O P AWASTHI A K MAHAVER DEEPAK |
| author_facet | AMRUT S MORADE R M SHARMA A K DUBEY LEKSHMY S D M KADAM O P AWASTHI A K MAHAVER DEEPAK |
| author_sort | AMRUT S MORADE |
| collection | DOAJ |
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The present study was carried out during 2019–2021 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to observe leaf injury symptoms and number of functional leaves in nine citrus rootstock genotypes subjected to drought stress. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications. Qualitative leaf injury symptoms, namely yellow, rolled, scorched, defoliated leaves, and leaf wilting were used as weighted indicators after normalization. A composite weighted indicator-based index, the leaf injury index (LII) was then developed to evaluate the drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks. Citrus genotype RLC-2 exhibited the highest values for yellow (29.75), rolled (22.75), scorched (20.75) leaves, and leaf wilting score (4.50), while Grambhiri showed the highest defoliation count of 16.25. In contrast, X639 had the highest number of functional leaves (79.13) with lowest visible leaf injury in terms of yellow, rolled, scorched, and defoliated leaves, and leaf wilting score. The effectiveness of LII in measuring the drought sensitivity of citrus rootstock genotypes was tested using a heatmap and cluster analysis. Citrus genotype X639 was grouped into a single distinct cluster with the significantly lowest LII (0.250), indicating its drought tolerant nature. The other tested genotypes were classified into three sub-clusters: drought-sensitive (Cleopatra mandarin, RLC-2, RLC-1 and Grambhiri), intermediate drought response (RLC-7 and Troyer citrange), and some degree of drought tolerance (RLC-4 and RLC-5), with their higher, intermediate and lower LII respectively. This composite indicator ideally converts multiple qualitative indicators into a simple, rapid and cost-effective framework for screening citrus germplasm against drought stress.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c64310f4e1b4cefa31042833cfb4877 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0019-5022 2394-3319 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c64310f4e1b4cefa31042833cfb48772025-08-20T03:49:45ZengIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences0019-50222394-33192025-03-0195410.56093/ijas.v95i2.159082Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocksAMRUT S MORADE0R M SHARMA1A K DUBEY2LEKSHMY S3D M KADAM4O P AWASTHI5A K MAHAVER6DEEPAK7ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, Uttar PradeshICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, MaharashtraICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India The present study was carried out during 2019–2021 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to observe leaf injury symptoms and number of functional leaves in nine citrus rootstock genotypes subjected to drought stress. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications. Qualitative leaf injury symptoms, namely yellow, rolled, scorched, defoliated leaves, and leaf wilting were used as weighted indicators after normalization. A composite weighted indicator-based index, the leaf injury index (LII) was then developed to evaluate the drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks. Citrus genotype RLC-2 exhibited the highest values for yellow (29.75), rolled (22.75), scorched (20.75) leaves, and leaf wilting score (4.50), while Grambhiri showed the highest defoliation count of 16.25. In contrast, X639 had the highest number of functional leaves (79.13) with lowest visible leaf injury in terms of yellow, rolled, scorched, and defoliated leaves, and leaf wilting score. The effectiveness of LII in measuring the drought sensitivity of citrus rootstock genotypes was tested using a heatmap and cluster analysis. Citrus genotype X639 was grouped into a single distinct cluster with the significantly lowest LII (0.250), indicating its drought tolerant nature. The other tested genotypes were classified into three sub-clusters: drought-sensitive (Cleopatra mandarin, RLC-2, RLC-1 and Grambhiri), intermediate drought response (RLC-7 and Troyer citrange), and some degree of drought tolerance (RLC-4 and RLC-5), with their higher, intermediate and lower LII respectively. This composite indicator ideally converts multiple qualitative indicators into a simple, rapid and cost-effective framework for screening citrus germplasm against drought stress. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/159082Composite indicator, Drought response, Leaf wilting, Scorching, Senescence |
| spellingShingle | AMRUT S MORADE R M SHARMA A K DUBEY LEKSHMY S D M KADAM O P AWASTHI A K MAHAVER DEEPAK Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Composite indicator, Drought response, Leaf wilting, Scorching, Senescence |
| title | Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks |
| title_full | Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks |
| title_fullStr | Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks |
| title_short | Leaf injury index: A quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks |
| title_sort | leaf injury index a quantitative approach for rapid screening of drought tolerance in citrus rootstocks |
| topic | Composite indicator, Drought response, Leaf wilting, Scorching, Senescence |
| url | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/159082 |
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