Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users

Abstract Background A surrogate marker (a substitute indicator of the true outcome) is needed to predict subgroups of long-term lithium users at risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this narrative review the aim is to determine the optimal surrogate endpoint for ESKD in long-term lithium user...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M. J. van der Aa, A. A. Bonenkamp, U. M. H. Klumpers, R. W. Kupka, T. Nijenhuis, A. P. M. Kerckhoffs
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-024-00368-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850099551447285760
author M. J. van der Aa
A. A. Bonenkamp
U. M. H. Klumpers
R. W. Kupka
T. Nijenhuis
A. P. M. Kerckhoffs
author_facet M. J. van der Aa
A. A. Bonenkamp
U. M. H. Klumpers
R. W. Kupka
T. Nijenhuis
A. P. M. Kerckhoffs
author_sort M. J. van der Aa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background A surrogate marker (a substitute indicator of the true outcome) is needed to predict subgroups of long-term lithium users at risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this narrative review the aim is to determine the optimal surrogate endpoint for ESKD in long-term lithium users in a scientific context. Main In a literature search in long-term lithium users, no studies on surrogate measurements on ESKD were identified. Therefore, comparable ESKD populations were sought, based on baseline eGFR, age, somatic comorbidity and sex. Articles were scored on comparability and risk of bias. Seventeen studies were included; ten studies evaluated a percentual decline (between 20 and 50% decline in eGFR) and seven studies focused upon a declining slope (from 1.63 to 6 ml/min/1,73m2 decline per year), using an interval of one to five years. Study populations mostly included patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Conclusion Currently, the most appropriate marker for ESKD in long term lithium users appears a 30% decline in eGFR in at least one year. In order to confirm this hypothesis, further research in a cohort of long-term lithium users is needed. Better feasible research on lithium induced nephropathy could result in more knowledge about the risk on kidney function decline in lithium users and guide clinical decision making on lithium use.
format Article
id doaj-art-3c640ca952f24df182c69022c02d4e36
institution DOAJ
issn 2194-7511
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
spelling doaj-art-3c640ca952f24df182c69022c02d4e362025-08-20T02:40:28ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Bipolar Disorders2194-75112025-01-0113111010.1186/s40345-024-00368-1Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium usersM. J. van der Aa0A. A. Bonenkamp1U. M. H. Klumpers2R. W. Kupka3T. Nijenhuis4A. P. M. Kerckhoffs5Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije UniversiteitDepartment of Nephrology, Jeroen Bosch ZiekenhuisDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije UniversiteitDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije UniversiteitDepartment of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboudumc Institute for Medical InnovationsDepartment of Nephrology, Jeroen Bosch ZiekenhuisAbstract Background A surrogate marker (a substitute indicator of the true outcome) is needed to predict subgroups of long-term lithium users at risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this narrative review the aim is to determine the optimal surrogate endpoint for ESKD in long-term lithium users in a scientific context. Main In a literature search in long-term lithium users, no studies on surrogate measurements on ESKD were identified. Therefore, comparable ESKD populations were sought, based on baseline eGFR, age, somatic comorbidity and sex. Articles were scored on comparability and risk of bias. Seventeen studies were included; ten studies evaluated a percentual decline (between 20 and 50% decline in eGFR) and seven studies focused upon a declining slope (from 1.63 to 6 ml/min/1,73m2 decline per year), using an interval of one to five years. Study populations mostly included patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Conclusion Currently, the most appropriate marker for ESKD in long term lithium users appears a 30% decline in eGFR in at least one year. In order to confirm this hypothesis, further research in a cohort of long-term lithium users is needed. Better feasible research on lithium induced nephropathy could result in more knowledge about the risk on kidney function decline in lithium users and guide clinical decision making on lithium use.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-024-00368-1LithiumChronic kidney disease (CKD)Maintenance treatmentGlomerular filtration rateKidney end pointSurrogate end point
spellingShingle M. J. van der Aa
A. A. Bonenkamp
U. M. H. Klumpers
R. W. Kupka
T. Nijenhuis
A. P. M. Kerckhoffs
Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
Lithium
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Maintenance treatment
Glomerular filtration rate
Kidney end point
Surrogate end point
title Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
title_full Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
title_fullStr Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
title_full_unstemmed Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
title_short Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
title_sort search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users
topic Lithium
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Maintenance treatment
Glomerular filtration rate
Kidney end point
Surrogate end point
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-024-00368-1
work_keys_str_mv AT mjvanderaa searchforsurrogatemarkerstopredictendstagekidneydiseaseinlongtermlithiumusers
AT aabonenkamp searchforsurrogatemarkerstopredictendstagekidneydiseaseinlongtermlithiumusers
AT umhklumpers searchforsurrogatemarkerstopredictendstagekidneydiseaseinlongtermlithiumusers
AT rwkupka searchforsurrogatemarkerstopredictendstagekidneydiseaseinlongtermlithiumusers
AT tnijenhuis searchforsurrogatemarkerstopredictendstagekidneydiseaseinlongtermlithiumusers
AT apmkerckhoffs searchforsurrogatemarkerstopredictendstagekidneydiseaseinlongtermlithiumusers