Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs), are AGNs that appear to transition between Seyfert Type 1 and 2 over periods of months to years. Several mechanisms to trigger these transitions have been proposed, but we have yet to conclusively determine their cause. Recent studies suggest CL-AGNs a...

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Main Authors: Margaret E. Verrico, K. Decker French, Katherine A. Suess, Tanay Agrawal, Lauranne Lanz, Yuanze Luo, Pallavi Patil, Kate Rowlands, Margaret Shepherd, Maya Skarbinski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adeb88
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author Margaret E. Verrico
K. Decker French
Katherine A. Suess
Tanay Agrawal
Lauranne Lanz
Yuanze Luo
Pallavi Patil
Kate Rowlands
Margaret Shepherd
Maya Skarbinski
author_facet Margaret E. Verrico
K. Decker French
Katherine A. Suess
Tanay Agrawal
Lauranne Lanz
Yuanze Luo
Pallavi Patil
Kate Rowlands
Margaret Shepherd
Maya Skarbinski
author_sort Margaret E. Verrico
collection DOAJ
description Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs), are AGNs that appear to transition between Seyfert Type 1 and 2 over periods of months to years. Several mechanisms to trigger these transitions have been proposed, but we have yet to conclusively determine their cause. Recent studies suggest CL-AGNs are hosted primarily in galaxies that are shutting down star formation (S. A. Dodd et al. 2021 ; W.-J. Liu et al. 2021 ; J. Wang et al. 2023 ), which may indicate a link between galaxy quenching and changing-look events. We use Prospector stellar population synthesis software (B. Johnson & J. Leja 2017 ; J. Leja et al. 2017 ; B. D. Johnson et al. 2021 ) to model nonparametric star formation histories for 39 CL-AGN host galaxies. We find that $4{3}_{-12}^{+13} \% $ of our gold sample CL-AGNs at z < 0.15 are star-forming, while $2{9}_{-10}^{+13} \% $ fall in the Green Valley of the stellar mass–specific star formation rate diagram. At z > 0.15, $5{7}_{-18}^{+13} \% $ of CL-AGNs in the gold sample are star-forming and $2{9}_{-14}^{+19} \% $ are in the Green Valley. CL-AGN hosts have similar star formation properties to the host galaxies of Seyfert 1 and 2 AGNs at z < 0.15 and to Seyfert 2 AGNs at z > 0.15. We find no statistically significant differences in the star formation properties of turn-on and turn-off CL-AGNs. We also find no evidence for rapid quenching in the Green Valley CL-AGNs. We conclude that CL-AGN state transitions are not associated with the formation history of CL-AGN host galaxies on large spatial scales, implying CL-AGN state transitions may instead result from nuclear-scale or accretion disk effects.
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spelling doaj-art-3c62c60acaf14c8aaf2097ec3393552d2025-08-20T03:40:47ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01989110110.3847/1538-4357/adeb88Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with ProspectorMargaret E. Verrico0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1535-4277K. Decker French1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-7337Katherine A. Suess2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1714-1905Tanay Agrawal3https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9992-3072Lauranne Lanz4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3249-8224Yuanze Luo5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-6952Pallavi Patil6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-8499Kate Rowlands7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-8434Margaret Shepherd8https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1158-1896Maya Skarbinski9https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0844-0657University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; verrico2@illinois.edu; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys , National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; verrico2@illinois.eduDepartment for Astrophysical & Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USAUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; verrico2@illinois.eduDepartment of Physics, The College of New Jersey , Ewing, NJ 08628, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy and George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USAWilliam H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USAWilliam H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; verrico2@illinois.eduWilliam H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USAChanging-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs), are AGNs that appear to transition between Seyfert Type 1 and 2 over periods of months to years. Several mechanisms to trigger these transitions have been proposed, but we have yet to conclusively determine their cause. Recent studies suggest CL-AGNs are hosted primarily in galaxies that are shutting down star formation (S. A. Dodd et al. 2021 ; W.-J. Liu et al. 2021 ; J. Wang et al. 2023 ), which may indicate a link between galaxy quenching and changing-look events. We use Prospector stellar population synthesis software (B. Johnson & J. Leja 2017 ; J. Leja et al. 2017 ; B. D. Johnson et al. 2021 ) to model nonparametric star formation histories for 39 CL-AGN host galaxies. We find that $4{3}_{-12}^{+13} \% $ of our gold sample CL-AGNs at z < 0.15 are star-forming, while $2{9}_{-10}^{+13} \% $ fall in the Green Valley of the stellar mass–specific star formation rate diagram. At z > 0.15, $5{7}_{-18}^{+13} \% $ of CL-AGNs in the gold sample are star-forming and $2{9}_{-14}^{+19} \% $ are in the Green Valley. CL-AGN hosts have similar star formation properties to the host galaxies of Seyfert 1 and 2 AGNs at z < 0.15 and to Seyfert 2 AGNs at z > 0.15. We find no statistically significant differences in the star formation properties of turn-on and turn-off CL-AGNs. We also find no evidence for rapid quenching in the Green Valley CL-AGNs. We conclude that CL-AGN state transitions are not associated with the formation history of CL-AGN host galaxies on large spatial scales, implying CL-AGN state transitions may instead result from nuclear-scale or accretion disk effects.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adeb88AGN host galaxiesGalaxy quenchingTransient sourcesTime domain astronomy
spellingShingle Margaret E. Verrico
K. Decker French
Katherine A. Suess
Tanay Agrawal
Lauranne Lanz
Yuanze Luo
Pallavi Patil
Kate Rowlands
Margaret Shepherd
Maya Skarbinski
Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector
The Astrophysical Journal
AGN host galaxies
Galaxy quenching
Transient sources
Time domain astronomy
title Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector
title_full Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector
title_fullStr Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector
title_full_unstemmed Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector
title_short Modeling Star Formation Histories of Changing-look AGN Host Galaxies with Prospector
title_sort modeling star formation histories of changing look agn host galaxies with prospector
topic AGN host galaxies
Galaxy quenching
Transient sources
Time domain astronomy
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adeb88
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