Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine
Abstract Despite advances in critical care, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. The heterogeneous nature of ARDS, caused by diverse etiologies, poses considerable challenges to accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-025-00766-4 |
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| author | Lou’i Al-Husinat Mohammad Araydah Sarah Al Sharie Saif Azzam Denise Battaglini Arqam Alrababah Rana Haddad Khaled Al-Asad Claudia C. Dos Santos Marcus J. Schultz Fernanda F. Cruz Pedro L. Silva Patricia R. M. Rocco |
| author_facet | Lou’i Al-Husinat Mohammad Araydah Sarah Al Sharie Saif Azzam Denise Battaglini Arqam Alrababah Rana Haddad Khaled Al-Asad Claudia C. Dos Santos Marcus J. Schultz Fernanda F. Cruz Pedro L. Silva Patricia R. M. Rocco |
| author_sort | Lou’i Al-Husinat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Despite advances in critical care, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. The heterogeneous nature of ARDS, caused by diverse etiologies, poses considerable challenges to accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Conventional methods often fail to elucidate the pathophysiology of ARDS, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy. However, recent advances in omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and epigenomics, have provided deeper insights into ARDS mechanisms. Genomic studies have identified genetic variants associated with ARDS susceptibility, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme, surfactant proteins, toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-6, Fas/FasL, and vascular endothelial growth factor, offering potential therapeutic targets. Transcriptomic and proteomic reveal distinct biomarker profiles associated with ARDS pathogenesis, including dysregulated inflammatory signaling, epithelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction, and compromised immune responses. Metabolomics has highlighted biomarkers, such as phenylalanine and choline, aiding in severity assessment, subphenotype stratification, and treatment response prediction. Lipidomics has uncovered disruptions in lipid metabolism, including altered phospholipids, sphingolipids, and eicosanoids, with key lipid species such as lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide emerging as biomarkers for severity and outcomes. Epigenomics explores DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, revealing their role in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and tissue repair in ARDS. These epigenetic changes hold promise for biomarker discovery and personalized therapy. Integrating these omics technologies advances our understanding of ARDS pathophysiology, enabling precision medicine approaches. This review examines the latest advancements in omics research related to ARDS, emphasizing its role in developing personalized diagnostics and therapeutic strategies to improve disease monitoring, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c4519033f824dfdafc6a56f4a2dc0cc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2197-425X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c4519033f824dfdafc6a56f4a2dc0cc2025-08-20T02:06:23ZengSpringerOpenIntensive Care Medicine Experimental2197-425X2025-06-0113111310.1186/s40635-025-00766-4Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicineLou’i Al-Husinat0Mohammad Araydah1Sarah Al Sharie2Saif Azzam3Denise Battaglini4Arqam Alrababah5Rana Haddad6Khaled Al-Asad7Claudia C. Dos Santos8Marcus J. Schultz9Fernanda F. Cruz10Pedro L. Silva11Patricia R. M. Rocco12Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Istishari HospitalOffice of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer CenterFaculty of Medicine, Yarmouk UniversityDepartment of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of GenovaDepartment of General Surgery, Abdali HospitalFaculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Istishari HospitalThe Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s HospitalDepartment of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, Locatie AMCLaboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroLaboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroLaboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroAbstract Despite advances in critical care, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. The heterogeneous nature of ARDS, caused by diverse etiologies, poses considerable challenges to accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Conventional methods often fail to elucidate the pathophysiology of ARDS, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy. However, recent advances in omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and epigenomics, have provided deeper insights into ARDS mechanisms. Genomic studies have identified genetic variants associated with ARDS susceptibility, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme, surfactant proteins, toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-6, Fas/FasL, and vascular endothelial growth factor, offering potential therapeutic targets. Transcriptomic and proteomic reveal distinct biomarker profiles associated with ARDS pathogenesis, including dysregulated inflammatory signaling, epithelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction, and compromised immune responses. Metabolomics has highlighted biomarkers, such as phenylalanine and choline, aiding in severity assessment, subphenotype stratification, and treatment response prediction. Lipidomics has uncovered disruptions in lipid metabolism, including altered phospholipids, sphingolipids, and eicosanoids, with key lipid species such as lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide emerging as biomarkers for severity and outcomes. Epigenomics explores DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, revealing their role in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and tissue repair in ARDS. These epigenetic changes hold promise for biomarker discovery and personalized therapy. Integrating these omics technologies advances our understanding of ARDS pathophysiology, enabling precision medicine approaches. This review examines the latest advancements in omics research related to ARDS, emphasizing its role in developing personalized diagnostics and therapeutic strategies to improve disease monitoring, prognosis, and treatment outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-025-00766-4Acute respiratory distress syndromeGenomicsTranscriptomicsProteomicsMetabolomicsLipidomics |
| spellingShingle | Lou’i Al-Husinat Mohammad Araydah Sarah Al Sharie Saif Azzam Denise Battaglini Arqam Alrababah Rana Haddad Khaled Al-Asad Claudia C. Dos Santos Marcus J. Schultz Fernanda F. Cruz Pedro L. Silva Patricia R. M. Rocco Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine Intensive Care Medicine Experimental Acute respiratory distress syndrome Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics Lipidomics |
| title | Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine |
| title_full | Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine |
| title_fullStr | Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine |
| title_short | Advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: paving the way for personalized medicine |
| title_sort | advancing omics technologies in acute respiratory distress syndrome paving the way for personalized medicine |
| topic | Acute respiratory distress syndrome Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics Lipidomics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-025-00766-4 |
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