Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region

IntroductionCalf diarrhea is one of the most common diseases causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry. This article aims to investigate the bacterial causes of calf diarrhea in the Ningxia region and to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effect of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF...

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Main Authors: Dong-Zhao Ding, Lei-Xin Zhu, Qian Shao, Xin Li, Yin-Chao Tong, Wen Zhang, Yun-Peng Fan, Qi Yang, Fu-Jiang Wang, Su-Zhu Qing, Wei-Min Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619420/full
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author Dong-Zhao Ding
Lei-Xin Zhu
Qian Shao
Xin Li
Yin-Chao Tong
Wen Zhang
Yun-Peng Fan
Qi Yang
Fu-Jiang Wang
Su-Zhu Qing
Wei-Min Zhang
author_facet Dong-Zhao Ding
Lei-Xin Zhu
Qian Shao
Xin Li
Yin-Chao Tong
Wen Zhang
Yun-Peng Fan
Qi Yang
Fu-Jiang Wang
Su-Zhu Qing
Wei-Min Zhang
author_sort Dong-Zhao Ding
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionCalf diarrhea is one of the most common diseases causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry. This article aims to investigate the bacterial causes of calf diarrhea in the Ningxia region and to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effect of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) and Microcin J25 (MccJ25) on pathogenic bacteria, as well as its clinical prevention and treatment effects on calf diarrhea.MethodsA total of 100 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from calves across 10 cattle farms in the Ningxia region. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed to detect E. coli and Salmonella strains. The in vitro synergistic antibacterial effects of a Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) combined with Microcin J25 (MccJ25) were evaluated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, in vivo prevention and treatment trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of the CHF-MccJ25 combination against calf diarrhea, including evaluation of clinical symptoms, fecal microbial composition, and immune parameters.ResultsThe results showed that out of 100 diarrheic calves fecal samples were collected from 10 cattle farms in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. 97 E. coli strains and 20 Salmonella strains were detected. In vitro, the combination of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) and Microcin J25(MCJ) showed a synergistic inhibitory effect against E. coli and Salmonella. Moreover, the combined treatment also exhibited virulence-inhibitory activity. In vivo, the combination effectively reduced the incidence of diarrhea in healthy calves in a dose-dependence.DiscussionIn summary, our study indicated that the combination of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) and Microcin J25(MCJ) effectively combated multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella, improving both prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea by enhancing immunity and restoring gut microbiota balance.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-3c43c8d05e5c4bd595df7e9214c381072025-08-20T03:28:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16194201619420Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia regionDong-Zhao Ding0Lei-Xin Zhu1Qian Shao2Xin Li3Yin-Chao Tong4Wen Zhang5Yun-Peng Fan6Qi Yang7Fu-Jiang Wang8Su-Zhu Qing9Wei-Min Zhang10College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaVeterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs of Ningxia Supervision Institute, Yinchuan, ChinaCenter for Animal Disease Prevention Control and Health Supervision, Zhongwei, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaVeterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs of Ningxia Supervision Institute, Yinchuan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaVeterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs of Ningxia Supervision Institute, Yinchuan, ChinaCenter for Animal Disease Prevention Control and Health Supervision, Zhongwei, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaIntroductionCalf diarrhea is one of the most common diseases causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry. This article aims to investigate the bacterial causes of calf diarrhea in the Ningxia region and to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effect of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) and Microcin J25 (MccJ25) on pathogenic bacteria, as well as its clinical prevention and treatment effects on calf diarrhea.MethodsA total of 100 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from calves across 10 cattle farms in the Ningxia region. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed to detect E. coli and Salmonella strains. The in vitro synergistic antibacterial effects of a Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) combined with Microcin J25 (MccJ25) were evaluated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, in vivo prevention and treatment trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of the CHF-MccJ25 combination against calf diarrhea, including evaluation of clinical symptoms, fecal microbial composition, and immune parameters.ResultsThe results showed that out of 100 diarrheic calves fecal samples were collected from 10 cattle farms in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. 97 E. coli strains and 20 Salmonella strains were detected. In vitro, the combination of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) and Microcin J25(MCJ) showed a synergistic inhibitory effect against E. coli and Salmonella. Moreover, the combined treatment also exhibited virulence-inhibitory activity. In vivo, the combination effectively reduced the incidence of diarrhea in healthy calves in a dose-dependence.DiscussionIn summary, our study indicated that the combination of Chinese Herbal Formula (CHF) and Microcin J25(MCJ) effectively combated multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella, improving both prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea by enhancing immunity and restoring gut microbiota balance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619420/fullcalf diarrheapathogen investigationChinese herbal formulaMicrocin J25gut microbiota
spellingShingle Dong-Zhao Ding
Lei-Xin Zhu
Qian Shao
Xin Li
Yin-Chao Tong
Wen Zhang
Yun-Peng Fan
Qi Yang
Fu-Jiang Wang
Su-Zhu Qing
Wei-Min Zhang
Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
calf diarrhea
pathogen investigation
Chinese herbal formula
Microcin J25
gut microbiota
title Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region
title_full Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region
title_fullStr Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region
title_short Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal formula combined with Microcin J25 against Escherichia coli and Salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the Ningxia region
title_sort synergistic effects of chinese herbal formula combined with microcin j25 against escherichia coli and salmonella in calf diarrhea and clinical evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects in the ningxia region
topic calf diarrhea
pathogen investigation
Chinese herbal formula
Microcin J25
gut microbiota
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619420/full
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