Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL
Friction stir welding of AA2014 alloy requires cooling techniques to prevent premature weld failure by carrying away the excess heat. In this study, minimum quantity lubrication technique is explored for the first time with graphene nanofluid. This study aims to develop instant grain refinement and...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917825000185 |
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| author | Mystica A Senthil Kumar VS |
| author_facet | Mystica A Senthil Kumar VS |
| author_sort | Mystica A |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Friction stir welding of AA2014 alloy requires cooling techniques to prevent premature weld failure by carrying away the excess heat. In this study, minimum quantity lubrication technique is explored for the first time with graphene nanofluid. This study aims to develop instant grain refinement and reprecipitation. FSW is performed at the optimized parameters i.e., 1200 rpm and 72 mm/min. The retention of precipitates in HAZ and entanglement of dislocations in NZ are obtained through the instant quenching action of n-MQL. The evolution of microstructure and precipitation in the developed weld zones are studied using TEM. The microscopic results also present the developed substructures such as subgrains, cell wall, orowan loops etc. Crystal structure in the nugget zone is analysed using Rietveld refinement method. The results reveal a 100 % match with Al0.99Cu0.01. The crystallite size in nanometers and the microstrain are deduced using Scherrer method and W-H plot. The local tensile properties of each weld zone are analysed in detail using flat microtensile test. The weld center with recrystallized grains exhibits the lowest ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and % elongation. The current study presents the influence of dynamic recovery and recrystallisation on the local tensile properties of the weld. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c3f5ff259d24aefa3c5101b8a23afb1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2949-9178 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c3f5ff259d24aefa3c5101b8a23afb12025-08-20T02:55:48ZengElsevierJournal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems2949-91782025-03-01910016810.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100168Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQLMystica A0Senthil Kumar VS1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Central Polytechnic College, Tharamani, Tamil Nadu, India; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, IndiaFriction stir welding of AA2014 alloy requires cooling techniques to prevent premature weld failure by carrying away the excess heat. In this study, minimum quantity lubrication technique is explored for the first time with graphene nanofluid. This study aims to develop instant grain refinement and reprecipitation. FSW is performed at the optimized parameters i.e., 1200 rpm and 72 mm/min. The retention of precipitates in HAZ and entanglement of dislocations in NZ are obtained through the instant quenching action of n-MQL. The evolution of microstructure and precipitation in the developed weld zones are studied using TEM. The microscopic results also present the developed substructures such as subgrains, cell wall, orowan loops etc. Crystal structure in the nugget zone is analysed using Rietveld refinement method. The results reveal a 100 % match with Al0.99Cu0.01. The crystallite size in nanometers and the microstrain are deduced using Scherrer method and W-H plot. The local tensile properties of each weld zone are analysed in detail using flat microtensile test. The weld center with recrystallized grains exhibits the lowest ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and % elongation. The current study presents the influence of dynamic recovery and recrystallisation on the local tensile properties of the weld.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917825000185Friction stir weldingMinimum quantity lubricationMicrotensile testRecoveryDynamic recrystallisation |
| spellingShingle | Mystica A Senthil Kumar VS Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Friction stir welding Minimum quantity lubrication Microtensile test Recovery Dynamic recrystallisation |
| title | Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL |
| title_full | Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL |
| title_short | Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL |
| title_sort | evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n mql |
| topic | Friction stir welding Minimum quantity lubrication Microtensile test Recovery Dynamic recrystallisation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917825000185 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mysticaa evaluationofcrystalstructureandtensilepropertiesatthemicroleveloffrictionstirwelddevelopedwithnmql AT senthilkumarvs evaluationofcrystalstructureandtensilepropertiesatthemicroleveloffrictionstirwelddevelopedwithnmql |