Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy

ABSTRACT Background Anticancer chemotherapy is an underappreciated contributor to cancer cachexia, an often‐irreversible body‐wasting condition that causes 20%–30% of cancer‐related deaths. An obstacle to predicting, monitoring and understanding the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy cachexia is tha...

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Main Authors: Dean G. Campelj, Cara A. Timpani, Guinevere Spiesberger, Luke E. Formosa, Joel R. Steele, Haijian Zhang, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Lewis Leow, Craig A. Goodman, Emma Rybalka
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Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13849
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author Dean G. Campelj
Cara A. Timpani
Guinevere Spiesberger
Luke E. Formosa
Joel R. Steele
Haijian Zhang
Ralf B. Schittenhelm
Lewis Leow
Craig A. Goodman
Emma Rybalka
author_facet Dean G. Campelj
Cara A. Timpani
Guinevere Spiesberger
Luke E. Formosa
Joel R. Steele
Haijian Zhang
Ralf B. Schittenhelm
Lewis Leow
Craig A. Goodman
Emma Rybalka
author_sort Dean G. Campelj
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Anticancer chemotherapy is an underappreciated contributor to cancer cachexia, an often‐irreversible body‐wasting condition that causes 20%–30% of cancer‐related deaths. An obstacle to predicting, monitoring and understanding the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy cachexia is that each cancer (and subtype) is assigned different chemotherapeutic compounds, typically in multiagent regimens. Here, we investigate the chemotherapy induction regimen (CIR) used in the haematological cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We hypothesised that the AML CIR would induce cachexia, including loss of lean tissue mass and skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we interrogated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Three‐month‐old male Balb/c mice were treated with the AML CIR via intraperitoneal injections of daunorubicin (1.7 mg/kg) on Days 1–3 and cytarabine (33.2 mg/kg) administered on Days 1–7 or vehicle. Mice were assessed 24 h after the last treatment, on Day 8, or allowed to recover for 2 weeks and assessed on Day 22. A third cohort was given access to running wheels in cages. We assessed body composition and whole‐body metabolism and assessed the muscle proteome using quantitative tandem mass tag labelling LC–MS/MS analysis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD063910. Results The AML CIR‐induced acute cachexia involved a ~10% loss of body mass, ~10% loss of lean mass and ~20% reduction in skeletal muscle fibre size. Whole‐body metabolism and ambulatory activity declined. This cachexic phenotype did not recover over the 2‐week post‐CIR period (lean mass loss post‐CIR: 1 week ~7% vs. 2 weeks ~9%). In voluntarily active CIR‐treated mice, body wasting was exacerbated due to unchecked loss of fat mass (CIR sedentary: ~31% vs. CIR active: ~51%). Muscle proteome studies revealed upregulation of haptoglobin (Hp) and glutamine synthetase (Glul), which were positively correlated with body and lean mass loss. Hp was sensitive to the conditional induction, recovery and exacerbation of AML CIR‐mediated cachexia, suggestive of biomarker potential. Conclusions The AML CIR induces an acute reduction of body, lean and fat mass underpinned by skeletal muscle atrophy, hypermetabolism and catabolism. Our data uncovered a conditionally sensitive muscle biomarker in Hp, which may be useful as a prognostic tool across other scenarios of chemotherapy‐induced myopathy and cachexia or as a target for therapeutic discovery in follow‐up studies.
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spelling doaj-art-3c3d1bedd41d4bde92a2e2ede45b2f792025-08-20T02:20:40ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092025-06-01163n/an/a10.1002/jcsm.13849Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia ChemotherapyDean G. Campelj0Cara A. Timpani1Guinevere Spiesberger2Luke E. Formosa3Joel R. Steele4Haijian Zhang5Ralf B. Schittenhelm6Lewis Leow7Craig A. Goodman8Emma Rybalka9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Victoria AustraliaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Victoria AustraliaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Victoria AustraliaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton Victoria AustraliaMonash Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria AustraliaMonash Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria AustraliaMonash Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria AustraliaInherited and Acquired Myopathies Program Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science St Albans Victoria AustraliaCentre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria AustraliaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Victoria AustraliaABSTRACT Background Anticancer chemotherapy is an underappreciated contributor to cancer cachexia, an often‐irreversible body‐wasting condition that causes 20%–30% of cancer‐related deaths. An obstacle to predicting, monitoring and understanding the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy cachexia is that each cancer (and subtype) is assigned different chemotherapeutic compounds, typically in multiagent regimens. Here, we investigate the chemotherapy induction regimen (CIR) used in the haematological cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We hypothesised that the AML CIR would induce cachexia, including loss of lean tissue mass and skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we interrogated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Three‐month‐old male Balb/c mice were treated with the AML CIR via intraperitoneal injections of daunorubicin (1.7 mg/kg) on Days 1–3 and cytarabine (33.2 mg/kg) administered on Days 1–7 or vehicle. Mice were assessed 24 h after the last treatment, on Day 8, or allowed to recover for 2 weeks and assessed on Day 22. A third cohort was given access to running wheels in cages. We assessed body composition and whole‐body metabolism and assessed the muscle proteome using quantitative tandem mass tag labelling LC–MS/MS analysis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD063910. Results The AML CIR‐induced acute cachexia involved a ~10% loss of body mass, ~10% loss of lean mass and ~20% reduction in skeletal muscle fibre size. Whole‐body metabolism and ambulatory activity declined. This cachexic phenotype did not recover over the 2‐week post‐CIR period (lean mass loss post‐CIR: 1 week ~7% vs. 2 weeks ~9%). In voluntarily active CIR‐treated mice, body wasting was exacerbated due to unchecked loss of fat mass (CIR sedentary: ~31% vs. CIR active: ~51%). Muscle proteome studies revealed upregulation of haptoglobin (Hp) and glutamine synthetase (Glul), which were positively correlated with body and lean mass loss. Hp was sensitive to the conditional induction, recovery and exacerbation of AML CIR‐mediated cachexia, suggestive of biomarker potential. Conclusions The AML CIR induces an acute reduction of body, lean and fat mass underpinned by skeletal muscle atrophy, hypermetabolism and catabolism. Our data uncovered a conditionally sensitive muscle biomarker in Hp, which may be useful as a prognostic tool across other scenarios of chemotherapy‐induced myopathy and cachexia or as a target for therapeutic discovery in follow‐up studies.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13849anticancer chemotherapyatrophybiomarkerscachexiahaptoglobinskeletal muscle wasting
spellingShingle Dean G. Campelj
Cara A. Timpani
Guinevere Spiesberger
Luke E. Formosa
Joel R. Steele
Haijian Zhang
Ralf B. Schittenhelm
Lewis Leow
Craig A. Goodman
Emma Rybalka
Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
anticancer chemotherapy
atrophy
biomarkers
cachexia
haptoglobin
skeletal muscle wasting
title Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy
title_full Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy
title_fullStr Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy
title_short Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy
title_sort haptoglobin and glutamine synthetase may biomark cachexia induced by antiacute myeloid leukaemia chemotherapy
topic anticancer chemotherapy
atrophy
biomarkers
cachexia
haptoglobin
skeletal muscle wasting
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13849
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