Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching

BackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of azvudine in alleviating clinical symptoms among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, evidence regarding its real-world effectiveness and safety profile remains limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety...

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Main Authors: Jing Zhang, Fang Wang, Ying Xie, Qianyu Li, Zhenzhen Zhu, Yuan Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1584261/full
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author Jing Zhang
Fang Wang
Ying Xie
Qianyu Li
Zhenzhen Zhu
Yuan Dong
author_facet Jing Zhang
Fang Wang
Ying Xie
Qianyu Li
Zhenzhen Zhu
Yuan Dong
author_sort Jing Zhang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of azvudine in alleviating clinical symptoms among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, evidence regarding its real-world effectiveness and safety profile remains limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 192 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Fengtai District, Beijing, from November 1 to December 31, 2022. Patients were divided into azvudine (n=118) and non-azvudine (n=74) groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline characteristics (age, sex, vaccination status, etc.), yielding 48 matched pairs. Outcomes included time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA negativity, hospitalization duration, and symptom resolution (fever, cough). Adverse events were recorded.ResultsAfter PSM, 48 pairs of COVID-19 patients were identified. The azvudine group exhibited significantly shorter hospitalization than the non-azvudine group (median: 8 vs. 10 days, P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were observed in time to RNA negativity (4.23 vs. 4.52 days, P>0.05), fever duration (2 vs. 2 days, P>0.05), or cough duration (4.5 vs. 5 days, P>0.05). One case of mild gastrointestinal discomfort was reported in the azvudine group.ConclusionAzvudine significantly reduced hospitalization duration in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients with a favorable safety profile.
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spelling doaj-art-3c3a1a9fc17c47bd9bfffe5f9373e1e12025-08-20T03:31:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-06-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15842611584261Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matchingJing ZhangFang WangYing XieQianyu LiZhenzhen ZhuYuan DongBackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of azvudine in alleviating clinical symptoms among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, evidence regarding its real-world effectiveness and safety profile remains limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 192 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Fengtai District, Beijing, from November 1 to December 31, 2022. Patients were divided into azvudine (n=118) and non-azvudine (n=74) groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline characteristics (age, sex, vaccination status, etc.), yielding 48 matched pairs. Outcomes included time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA negativity, hospitalization duration, and symptom resolution (fever, cough). Adverse events were recorded.ResultsAfter PSM, 48 pairs of COVID-19 patients were identified. The azvudine group exhibited significantly shorter hospitalization than the non-azvudine group (median: 8 vs. 10 days, P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were observed in time to RNA negativity (4.23 vs. 4.52 days, P>0.05), fever duration (2 vs. 2 days, P>0.05), or cough duration (4.5 vs. 5 days, P>0.05). One case of mild gastrointestinal discomfort was reported in the azvudine group.ConclusionAzvudine significantly reduced hospitalization duration in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients with a favorable safety profile.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1584261/fullazvudineCOVID-19propensity score matchinghospitalization durationretrospective study
spellingShingle Jing Zhang
Fang Wang
Ying Xie
Qianyu Li
Zhenzhen Zhu
Yuan Dong
Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
azvudine
COVID-19
propensity score matching
hospitalization duration
retrospective study
title Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
title_full Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
title_fullStr Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
title_short Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
title_sort effectiveness and safety of azvudine in the treatment of covid 19 patients a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
topic azvudine
COVID-19
propensity score matching
hospitalization duration
retrospective study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1584261/full
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