Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea

Abstract Echinoderms are a conspicuous group on coral reefs. Juvenile and small-sized species often hide in living or inert substrates to protect themselves from predation. This cryptic behavior makes it difficult to count, identify, and capture them during fieldwork, resulting in a poor understandi...

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Main Authors: Rosa C. Sotelo-Casas, Y. Quetzalli Hernández-Díaz, A. Lilian Palomino-Álvarez, Edlin Guerra-Castro, Nuno Simões
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Oceans
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44289-025-00051-y
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author Rosa C. Sotelo-Casas
Y. Quetzalli Hernández-Díaz
A. Lilian Palomino-Álvarez
Edlin Guerra-Castro
Nuno Simões
author_facet Rosa C. Sotelo-Casas
Y. Quetzalli Hernández-Díaz
A. Lilian Palomino-Álvarez
Edlin Guerra-Castro
Nuno Simões
author_sort Rosa C. Sotelo-Casas
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Echinoderms are a conspicuous group on coral reefs. Juvenile and small-sized species often hide in living or inert substrates to protect themselves from predation. This cryptic behavior makes it difficult to count, identify, and capture them during fieldwork, resulting in a poor understanding of their ecology and an underestimation of their abundance. Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) provide a protected environment that mimics natural habitats and is capable of recruiting echinoderm cryptofauna. They also serve as a standard structural measurement unit, allowing comparisons between samples and detection of spatiotemporal patterns of compositional change. To explore these patterns, we deployed and recovered 50 ARMS on two reefs in the Yucatan Peninsula from 2018 to 2020. A total of 976 individuals belonging to 36 species and five morphotypes were collected. The dominant class was Ophiuroidea, which accounted for 92.4% of the abundance. Bajo de Diez Reef (B10) hosted approximately 92% of the total abundance. Both reefs shared only around 37% of their species. Although species abundance and composition changed over time, no species with pioneering or late-settlement tendencies were identified. October 2019 saw the lowest recruitment abundances on both reefs. This decrease may be linked to the effects of the positive phase of ENSO, in synergy with the massive flux of Sargassum spp. during summer and autumn of 2019. Since cryptic echinoderm abundance and composition seem to be influenced more by resource availability and environmental conditions than by community succession, future studies should compare environmental factors and variations in benthic groups that serve as resources for echinoderms to test our conclusions.
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spelling doaj-art-3c39820fc2de4220b59e37004b7a499f2025-08-20T03:10:31ZengSpringerDiscover Oceans2948-15622025-04-012111710.1007/s44289-025-00051-yEvaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean SeaRosa C. Sotelo-Casas0Y. Quetzalli Hernández-Díaz1A. Lilian Palomino-Álvarez2Edlin Guerra-Castro3Nuno Simões4Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación y Docencia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación y Docencia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación y Docencia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoDepartamento de Ecología y Conservación, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación y Docencia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAbstract Echinoderms are a conspicuous group on coral reefs. Juvenile and small-sized species often hide in living or inert substrates to protect themselves from predation. This cryptic behavior makes it difficult to count, identify, and capture them during fieldwork, resulting in a poor understanding of their ecology and an underestimation of their abundance. Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) provide a protected environment that mimics natural habitats and is capable of recruiting echinoderm cryptofauna. They also serve as a standard structural measurement unit, allowing comparisons between samples and detection of spatiotemporal patterns of compositional change. To explore these patterns, we deployed and recovered 50 ARMS on two reefs in the Yucatan Peninsula from 2018 to 2020. A total of 976 individuals belonging to 36 species and five morphotypes were collected. The dominant class was Ophiuroidea, which accounted for 92.4% of the abundance. Bajo de Diez Reef (B10) hosted approximately 92% of the total abundance. Both reefs shared only around 37% of their species. Although species abundance and composition changed over time, no species with pioneering or late-settlement tendencies were identified. October 2019 saw the lowest recruitment abundances on both reefs. This decrease may be linked to the effects of the positive phase of ENSO, in synergy with the massive flux of Sargassum spp. during summer and autumn of 2019. Since cryptic echinoderm abundance and composition seem to be influenced more by resource availability and environmental conditions than by community succession, future studies should compare environmental factors and variations in benthic groups that serve as resources for echinoderms to test our conclusions.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44289-025-00051-yDominanceNon-successional patternsOphiactisYucatan reefsCryptic epifauna
spellingShingle Rosa C. Sotelo-Casas
Y. Quetzalli Hernández-Díaz
A. Lilian Palomino-Álvarez
Edlin Guerra-Castro
Nuno Simões
Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea
Discover Oceans
Dominance
Non-successional patterns
Ophiactis
Yucatan reefs
Cryptic epifauna
title Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea
title_full Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea
title_fullStr Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea
title_short Evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) in two reefs of Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea
title_sort evaluation of diversity patterns of echinoderms with cryptic habits using autonomous reef monitoring structures arms in two reefs of gulf of mexico and mexican caribbean sea
topic Dominance
Non-successional patterns
Ophiactis
Yucatan reefs
Cryptic epifauna
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44289-025-00051-y
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