Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders

Convention defines pediatric adiposity by the body mass index z-score (BMIz) referenced to normative growth charts. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) does not depend on sex-and-age references. In the HEALTHY Study enrollment sample, we compared BMIz with WHtR for ability to identify adverse cardiometabol...

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Main Authors: Henry S. Kahn, Laure El ghormli, Russell Jago, Gary D. Foster, Robert G. McMurray, John B. Buse, Diane D. Stadler, Roberto P. Treviño, Tom Baranowski, HEALTHY Study Group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:Journal of Obesity
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/421658
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author Henry S. Kahn
Laure El ghormli
Russell Jago
Gary D. Foster
Robert G. McMurray
John B. Buse
Diane D. Stadler
Roberto P. Treviño
Tom Baranowski
HEALTHY Study Group
author_facet Henry S. Kahn
Laure El ghormli
Russell Jago
Gary D. Foster
Robert G. McMurray
John B. Buse
Diane D. Stadler
Roberto P. Treviño
Tom Baranowski
HEALTHY Study Group
author_sort Henry S. Kahn
collection DOAJ
description Convention defines pediatric adiposity by the body mass index z-score (BMIz) referenced to normative growth charts. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) does not depend on sex-and-age references. In the HEALTHY Study enrollment sample, we compared BMIz with WHtR for ability to identify adverse cardiometabolic risk. Among 5,482 sixth-grade students from 42 middle schools, we estimated explanatory variations (R2) and standardized beta coefficients of BMIz or WHtR for cardiometabolic risk factors: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, blood pressures, and glucose. For each risk outcome variable, we prepared adjusted regression models for four subpopulations stratified by sex and high versus lower fatness. For HOMA-IR, R2 attributed to BMIz or WHtR was 19%–28% among high-fatness and 8%–13% among lower-fatness students. R2 for lipid variables was 4%–9% among high-fatness and 2%–7% among lower-fatness students. In the lower-fatness subpopulations, the standardized coefficients for total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides tended to be weaker for BMIz (0.13–0.20) than for WHtR (0.17–0.28). Among high-fatness students, BMIz and WHtR correlated with blood pressures for Hispanics and whites, but not black boys (systolic) or girls (systolic and diastolic). In 11-12 year olds, assessments by WHtR can provide cardiometabolic risk estimates similar to conventional BMIz without requiring reference to a normative growth chart.
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spelling doaj-art-3c24ea33ef8647eaaaea7fe4eef3aab12025-08-20T02:08:16ZengWileyJournal of Obesity2090-07082090-07162014-01-01201410.1155/2014/421658421658Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-GradersHenry S. Kahn0Laure El ghormli1Russell Jago2Gary D. Foster3Robert G. McMurray4John B. Buse5Diane D. Stadler6Roberto P. Treviño7Tom Baranowski8HEALTHY Study Group9Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, CDC Mail Stop F-73, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USAThe Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD 20852, USASchool for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UKCenter for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USADepartment of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADivision of Health Promotion & Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USASocial & Health Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78210, USAChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USAThe Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD 20852, USAConvention defines pediatric adiposity by the body mass index z-score (BMIz) referenced to normative growth charts. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) does not depend on sex-and-age references. In the HEALTHY Study enrollment sample, we compared BMIz with WHtR for ability to identify adverse cardiometabolic risk. Among 5,482 sixth-grade students from 42 middle schools, we estimated explanatory variations (R2) and standardized beta coefficients of BMIz or WHtR for cardiometabolic risk factors: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, blood pressures, and glucose. For each risk outcome variable, we prepared adjusted regression models for four subpopulations stratified by sex and high versus lower fatness. For HOMA-IR, R2 attributed to BMIz or WHtR was 19%–28% among high-fatness and 8%–13% among lower-fatness students. R2 for lipid variables was 4%–9% among high-fatness and 2%–7% among lower-fatness students. In the lower-fatness subpopulations, the standardized coefficients for total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides tended to be weaker for BMIz (0.13–0.20) than for WHtR (0.17–0.28). Among high-fatness students, BMIz and WHtR correlated with blood pressures for Hispanics and whites, but not black boys (systolic) or girls (systolic and diastolic). In 11-12 year olds, assessments by WHtR can provide cardiometabolic risk estimates similar to conventional BMIz without requiring reference to a normative growth chart.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/421658
spellingShingle Henry S. Kahn
Laure El ghormli
Russell Jago
Gary D. Foster
Robert G. McMurray
John B. Buse
Diane D. Stadler
Roberto P. Treviño
Tom Baranowski
HEALTHY Study Group
Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders
Journal of Obesity
title Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders
title_full Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders
title_fullStr Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders
title_full_unstemmed Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders
title_short Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments by Body Mass Index z-Score or Waist-to-Height Ratio in a Multiethnic Sample of Sixth-Graders
title_sort cardiometabolic risk assessments by body mass index z score or waist to height ratio in a multiethnic sample of sixth graders
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/421658
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