Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications
<i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, an edible fungus belonging to the family Odontaceae, is predominantly found in Western Europe, North America, and East Asia. In China, it primarily thrives in the mountainous and forested regions in the northeast, north, and southwest. Historically, <i>He...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Fangzhi Ge Yan Chen Binshuo Wang Wenxin Zhou Baoxiang Du Lin Hou |
| author_facet | Fangzhi Ge Yan Chen Binshuo Wang Wenxin Zhou Baoxiang Du Lin Hou |
| author_sort | Fangzhi Ge |
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| description | <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, an edible fungus belonging to the family Odontaceae, is predominantly found in Western Europe, North America, and East Asia. In China, it primarily thrives in the mountainous and forested regions in the northeast, north, and southwest. Historically, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> has served as a medicinal and nutritional entity. Its mycelia and fruiting bodies are the products of its vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, respectively. The principal active components are different <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> polysaccharides (HEPs), which are a group of polysaccharides primarily composed of galactose, glucose, and a small amount of mannose and fucose. An extremely small number of HEPs contain fructose, glucuronic acid, xylose, arabinose, and other components. The common extraction method employed is water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. HEPs exhibit a diverse array of biological activities, including immune enhancement, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the extraction, separation, purification, structural analysis, biological activity, and toxicity assessments of HEPs. Additionally, it discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with scientific research and practical applications in this field. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c0ec2c80ccf4db5921426468e10c99d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c0ec2c80ccf4db5921426468e10c99d2025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01308185010.3390/molecules30081850Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and ApplicationsFangzhi Ge0Yan Chen1Binshuo Wang2Wenxin Zhou3Baoxiang Du4Lin Hou5Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute (Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, ChinaMarine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute (Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, ChinaSchool of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, ChinaMarine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute (Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, ChinaMarine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute (Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, China<i>Hericium erinaceus</i>, an edible fungus belonging to the family Odontaceae, is predominantly found in Western Europe, North America, and East Asia. In China, it primarily thrives in the mountainous and forested regions in the northeast, north, and southwest. Historically, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> has served as a medicinal and nutritional entity. Its mycelia and fruiting bodies are the products of its vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, respectively. The principal active components are different <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> polysaccharides (HEPs), which are a group of polysaccharides primarily composed of galactose, glucose, and a small amount of mannose and fucose. An extremely small number of HEPs contain fructose, glucuronic acid, xylose, arabinose, and other components. The common extraction method employed is water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. HEPs exhibit a diverse array of biological activities, including immune enhancement, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the extraction, separation, purification, structural analysis, biological activity, and toxicity assessments of HEPs. Additionally, it discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with scientific research and practical applications in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1850<i>Hericium erinaceus</i> polysaccharidepurificationstructural analysisbiological activitytoxicityapplications |
| spellingShingle | Fangzhi Ge Yan Chen Binshuo Wang Wenxin Zhou Baoxiang Du Lin Hou Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications Molecules <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> polysaccharide purification structural analysis biological activity toxicity applications |
| title | Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications |
| title_full | Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications |
| title_short | Bioactive Polysaccharides from <i>Hericium erinaceus</i>: Extraction, Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications |
| title_sort | bioactive polysaccharides from i hericium erinaceus i extraction structure bioactivities and applications |
| topic | <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> polysaccharide purification structural analysis biological activity toxicity applications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1850 |
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