Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition
Gram-positive Enterococcus faecium exhibited higher susceptibility (>4-fold) to polymyxin B (PMB), the canonical antimicrobial peptide against Gram-negative bacteria, under anaerobic condition than aerobic condition. Anaerobically grown E. faecium exhibited high vulnerability to PMB, leading to a...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Gut Microbes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2024.2438465 |
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| author | Yongjun Son Bitnara Kim Pureun Kim Jihyeon Min Yerim Park Jihye Yang Wonjae Kim Masanori Toyofuku Woojun Park |
| author_facet | Yongjun Son Bitnara Kim Pureun Kim Jihyeon Min Yerim Park Jihye Yang Wonjae Kim Masanori Toyofuku Woojun Park |
| author_sort | Yongjun Son |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gram-positive Enterococcus faecium exhibited higher susceptibility (>4-fold) to polymyxin B (PMB), the canonical antimicrobial peptide against Gram-negative bacteria, under anaerobic condition than aerobic condition. Anaerobically grown E. faecium exhibited high vulnerability to PMB, leading to alteration of cell surface and morphology, as observed based on their high dansyl-PMB affinity (>2.9-fold), a proportion (>8.5-fold) of propidium iodide-stained cells, and observation of scanning electron microscopy results. Interestingly, our transcriptomic and chemical analyses revealed that enterocin B, produced anaerobically, imposes a burden on the cellular envelope when cells are exposed to PMB. This scenario was also supported by PMB susceptibility tests and killing curves, which showed that ΔentB knockout mutant cells were more resistant to PMB (32 µg/mL) compared to wild-type cells (4 µg/mL) under anaerobic condition. Fluorescent D-amino acid and BOCILLIN™-fluorescent profiling of transpeptidase activities in ΔentB mutant cells under anaerobic condition revealed similar levels of activity to those observed in WT cells under aerobic condition. The high level of secreted bacteriocins in WT under anaerobic condition likely led to significant membrane depolarization and loosening of the peptidoglycan layer, making the cells more permeable to PMB. Overall, our findings suggest that anaerobically produced bacteriocins, in conjunction with PMB, contribute to the killing of E. faecium by destabilizing its cell envelope. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c020c4cad6b4ee2bc8ff0879e68585a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1949-0976 1949-0984 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gut Microbes |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c020c4cad6b4ee2bc8ff0879e68585a2025-08-20T02:34:20ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842024-12-0116110.1080/19490976.2024.2438465Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic conditionYongjun Son0Bitnara Kim1Pureun Kim2Jihyeon Min3Yerim Park4Jihye Yang5Wonjae Kim6Masanori Toyofuku7Woojun Park8Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanLaboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaGram-positive Enterococcus faecium exhibited higher susceptibility (>4-fold) to polymyxin B (PMB), the canonical antimicrobial peptide against Gram-negative bacteria, under anaerobic condition than aerobic condition. Anaerobically grown E. faecium exhibited high vulnerability to PMB, leading to alteration of cell surface and morphology, as observed based on their high dansyl-PMB affinity (>2.9-fold), a proportion (>8.5-fold) of propidium iodide-stained cells, and observation of scanning electron microscopy results. Interestingly, our transcriptomic and chemical analyses revealed that enterocin B, produced anaerobically, imposes a burden on the cellular envelope when cells are exposed to PMB. This scenario was also supported by PMB susceptibility tests and killing curves, which showed that ΔentB knockout mutant cells were more resistant to PMB (32 µg/mL) compared to wild-type cells (4 µg/mL) under anaerobic condition. Fluorescent D-amino acid and BOCILLIN™-fluorescent profiling of transpeptidase activities in ΔentB mutant cells under anaerobic condition revealed similar levels of activity to those observed in WT cells under aerobic condition. The high level of secreted bacteriocins in WT under anaerobic condition likely led to significant membrane depolarization and loosening of the peptidoglycan layer, making the cells more permeable to PMB. Overall, our findings suggest that anaerobically produced bacteriocins, in conjunction with PMB, contribute to the killing of E. faecium by destabilizing its cell envelope.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2024.2438465Enterococcus faeciumpolymyxin Bfacultative anaerobeantibiotic resistancebacteriocinpeptidoglycan |
| spellingShingle | Yongjun Son Bitnara Kim Pureun Kim Jihyeon Min Yerim Park Jihye Yang Wonjae Kim Masanori Toyofuku Woojun Park Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition Gut Microbes Enterococcus faecium polymyxin B facultative anaerobe antibiotic resistance bacteriocin peptidoglycan |
| title | Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition |
| title_full | Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition |
| title_fullStr | Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition |
| title_short | Unexpected vulnerability of Enterococcus faecium to polymyxin B under anaerobic condition |
| title_sort | unexpected vulnerability of enterococcus faecium to polymyxin b under anaerobic condition |
| topic | Enterococcus faecium polymyxin B facultative anaerobe antibiotic resistance bacteriocin peptidoglycan |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2024.2438465 |
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