Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application
Abstract The dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility is one of the prominent characteristics of eukaryotic genome. The inaccessible regions are mainly located in heterochromatin, which is multilevel compressed and access restricted. The remaining accessible loci are generally located in the eu...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-02030-9 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850169352145338368 |
|---|---|
| author | Yang Chen Rui Liang Yong Li Lingli Jiang Di Ma Qing Luo Guanbin Song |
| author_facet | Yang Chen Rui Liang Yong Li Lingli Jiang Di Ma Qing Luo Guanbin Song |
| author_sort | Yang Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility is one of the prominent characteristics of eukaryotic genome. The inaccessible regions are mainly located in heterochromatin, which is multilevel compressed and access restricted. The remaining accessible loci are generally located in the euchromatin, which have less nucleosome occupancy and higher regulatory activity. The opening of chromatin is the most important prerequisite for DNA transcription, replication, and damage repair, which is regulated by genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and other factors, playing a vital role in multiple biological progresses. Currently, based on the susceptibility difference of occupied or free DNA to enzymatic cleavage, solubility, methylation, and transposition, there are many methods to detect chromatin accessibility both in bulk and single-cell level. Through combining with high-throughput sequencing, the genome-wide chromatin accessibility landscape of many tissues and cells types also have been constructed. The chromatin accessibility feature is distinct in different tissues and biological states. Research on the regulation network of chromatin accessibility is crucial for uncovering the secret of various biological processes. In this review, we comprehensively introduced the major functions and mechanisms of chromatin accessibility variation in different physiological and pathological processes, meanwhile, the targeted therapies based on chromatin dynamics regulation are also summarized. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3bf73b5923074ae8aac92e4edcff2668 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2059-3635 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-3bf73b5923074ae8aac92e4edcff26682025-08-20T02:20:45ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352024-12-019113910.1038/s41392-024-02030-9Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applicationYang Chen0Rui Liang1Yong Li2Lingli Jiang3Di Ma4Qing Luo5Guanbin Song6Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityHepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityAbstract The dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility is one of the prominent characteristics of eukaryotic genome. The inaccessible regions are mainly located in heterochromatin, which is multilevel compressed and access restricted. The remaining accessible loci are generally located in the euchromatin, which have less nucleosome occupancy and higher regulatory activity. The opening of chromatin is the most important prerequisite for DNA transcription, replication, and damage repair, which is regulated by genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and other factors, playing a vital role in multiple biological progresses. Currently, based on the susceptibility difference of occupied or free DNA to enzymatic cleavage, solubility, methylation, and transposition, there are many methods to detect chromatin accessibility both in bulk and single-cell level. Through combining with high-throughput sequencing, the genome-wide chromatin accessibility landscape of many tissues and cells types also have been constructed. The chromatin accessibility feature is distinct in different tissues and biological states. Research on the regulation network of chromatin accessibility is crucial for uncovering the secret of various biological processes. In this review, we comprehensively introduced the major functions and mechanisms of chromatin accessibility variation in different physiological and pathological processes, meanwhile, the targeted therapies based on chromatin dynamics regulation are also summarized.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-02030-9 |
| spellingShingle | Yang Chen Rui Liang Yong Li Lingli Jiang Di Ma Qing Luo Guanbin Song Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| title | Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application |
| title_full | Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application |
| title_fullStr | Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application |
| title_short | Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application |
| title_sort | chromatin accessibility biological functions molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-02030-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangchen chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication AT ruiliang chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication AT yongli chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication AT linglijiang chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication AT dima chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication AT qingluo chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication AT guanbinsong chromatinaccessibilitybiologicalfunctionsmolecularmechanismsandtherapeuticapplication |