Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
(1) Objective: To evaluate the relationship between fluoride exposure, interactions of BMP2/BMP4 gene polymorphisms, and fluoride exposure on essential hypertension. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 725 participants in a high-fluoride region of Shanxi Province, China. Urinary...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Yue Gao Qingbo Wang Junhua Wu Yang Liu Xin Wang Yanhui Gao Yanmei Yang |
| author_facet | Yue Gao Qingbo Wang Junhua Wu Yang Liu Xin Wang Yanhui Gao Yanmei Yang |
| author_sort | Yue Gao |
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| description | (1) Objective: To evaluate the relationship between fluoride exposure, interactions of BMP2/BMP4 gene polymorphisms, and fluoride exposure on essential hypertension. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 725 participants in a high-fluoride region of Shanxi Province, China. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured as indicators of fluoride exposure. Hypertension was diagnosed based on standard guidelines. BMP2 (rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) polymorphisms were genotyped. Logistic regression and interaction models were performed to evaluate associations and interactions between fluoride exposure, gene polymorphisms, and hypertension. (3) Results: Higher urinary fluoride concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension, exhibiting a dose-dependent relationship. The rs1005464 (G > A) polymorphism of BMP2 was identified as a protective factor against hypertension in individuals with the AG + AA genotype. Significant interactions were observed between the BMP2 rs1005464 and BMP4 rs17563 polymorphisms, influencing hypertension risk. Additionally, both multiplicative and additive interactions between high fluoride exposure and the BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism were identified, highlighting the combined impact of environmental and genetic factors on hypertension. (4) Conclusions: Fluoride exposure is positively associated with hypertension. BMP2 gene polymorphisms affect the risk of hypertension, and BMP4 gene polymorphisms may modify the impact of fluoride on hypertension. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3bf25a7c30ee4923a78cb3ee3d6ccbf6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-3bf25a7c30ee4923a78cb3ee3d6ccbf62025-08-20T03:12:23ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-02-0113212610.3390/toxics13020126Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in ChinaYue Gao0Qingbo Wang1Junhua Wu2Yang Liu3Xin Wang4Yanhui Gao5Yanmei Yang6Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, ChinaCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, ChinaCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, ChinaCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, ChinaCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, ChinaCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, ChinaCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China(1) Objective: To evaluate the relationship between fluoride exposure, interactions of BMP2/BMP4 gene polymorphisms, and fluoride exposure on essential hypertension. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 725 participants in a high-fluoride region of Shanxi Province, China. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured as indicators of fluoride exposure. Hypertension was diagnosed based on standard guidelines. BMP2 (rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) polymorphisms were genotyped. Logistic regression and interaction models were performed to evaluate associations and interactions between fluoride exposure, gene polymorphisms, and hypertension. (3) Results: Higher urinary fluoride concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension, exhibiting a dose-dependent relationship. The rs1005464 (G > A) polymorphism of BMP2 was identified as a protective factor against hypertension in individuals with the AG + AA genotype. Significant interactions were observed between the BMP2 rs1005464 and BMP4 rs17563 polymorphisms, influencing hypertension risk. Additionally, both multiplicative and additive interactions between high fluoride exposure and the BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism were identified, highlighting the combined impact of environmental and genetic factors on hypertension. (4) Conclusions: Fluoride exposure is positively associated with hypertension. BMP2 gene polymorphisms affect the risk of hypertension, and BMP4 gene polymorphisms may modify the impact of fluoride on hypertension.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/2/126fluoridehypertensionBMP2/4single nucleotide polymorphismgene-environment interaction |
| spellingShingle | Yue Gao Qingbo Wang Junhua Wu Yang Liu Xin Wang Yanhui Gao Yanmei Yang Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China Toxics fluoride hypertension BMP2/4 single nucleotide polymorphism gene-environment interaction |
| title | Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China |
| title_full | Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China |
| title_fullStr | Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China |
| title_short | Interactions Between BMP2/BMP4 Gene Polymorphisms and Fluoride Exposure on Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in China |
| title_sort | interactions between bmp2 bmp4 gene polymorphisms and fluoride exposure on essential hypertension a cross sectional study in china |
| topic | fluoride hypertension BMP2/4 single nucleotide polymorphism gene-environment interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/2/126 |
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