The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients
<i><b>Background:</b></i> Hemodialysis patients, due to impaired kidney function and compromised immune responses, face increased risks from SARS-CoV-2. Anti-nucleocapsid IgG (anti-IgG N) antibodies are a commonly used marker to assess prior infection in the general populatio...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/750 |
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| author | Akemi Hara Shun Watanabe Toyoaki Sawano Yuki Sonoda Hiroaki Saito Akihiko Ozaki Masatoshi Wakui Tianchen Zhao Chika Yamamoto Yurie Kobashi Toshiki Abe Takeshi Kawamura Akira Sugiyama Aya Nakayama Yudai Kaneko Hiroaki Shimmura Masaharu Tsubokura |
| author_facet | Akemi Hara Shun Watanabe Toyoaki Sawano Yuki Sonoda Hiroaki Saito Akihiko Ozaki Masatoshi Wakui Tianchen Zhao Chika Yamamoto Yurie Kobashi Toshiki Abe Takeshi Kawamura Akira Sugiyama Aya Nakayama Yudai Kaneko Hiroaki Shimmura Masaharu Tsubokura |
| author_sort | Akemi Hara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i><b>Background:</b></i> Hemodialysis patients, due to impaired kidney function and compromised immune responses, face increased risks from SARS-CoV-2. Anti-nucleocapsid IgG (anti-IgG N) antibodies are a commonly used marker to assess prior infection in the general population; however, their efficacy for hemodialysis patients remains unclear. <i><b>Methods:</b></i> A retrospective study of 361 hemodialysis patients evaluated anti-IgG N antibodies for detecting prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) over the four time points. Boxplots illustrated antibody distribution across sampling stages and infection status. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cutoff values. <i><b>Results:</b></i> Among the 361 hemodialysis patients, 36 (10.0%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sex distribution showed a trend toward significance (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Boxplot analysis showed that anti-IgG N levels remained low in non-infected patients but increased in infected patients, peaking at the third sampling. Anti-IgG N demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.973–0.865) but declined over time (<i>p</i> = 0.00525). The optimal cutoff at C1 was 0.01 AU/mL (sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.94). Adjusted models had lower predictive value. <i><b>Conclusions:</b></i> Anti-IgG N antibodies showed high diagnostic accuracy for detecting prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in hemodialysis patients, though performance declined over time. These findings highlight the need for tailored diagnostic strategies in this vulnerable population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3bd461ed2f0a48a194e2a4becab5e54d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-3bd461ed2f0a48a194e2a4becab5e54d2025-08-20T03:56:49ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-07-0113775010.3390/vaccines13070750The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis PatientsAkemi Hara0Shun Watanabe1Toyoaki Sawano2Yuki Sonoda3Hiroaki Saito4Akihiko Ozaki5Masatoshi Wakui6Tianchen Zhao7Chika Yamamoto8Yurie Kobashi9Toshiki Abe10Takeshi Kawamura11Akira Sugiyama12Aya Nakayama13Yudai Kaneko14Hiroaki Shimmura15Masaharu Tsubokura16Clinical Research Center, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki 972-8322, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Urology, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki 972-8322, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki 972-8322, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Nursing, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki 972-8322, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, JapanClinical Research Center, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki 972-8322, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinju-ku 160-8582, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, JapanIsotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0032, Tokyo, JapanIsotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0032, Tokyo, JapanIsotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0032, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki 972-8322, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan<i><b>Background:</b></i> Hemodialysis patients, due to impaired kidney function and compromised immune responses, face increased risks from SARS-CoV-2. Anti-nucleocapsid IgG (anti-IgG N) antibodies are a commonly used marker to assess prior infection in the general population; however, their efficacy for hemodialysis patients remains unclear. <i><b>Methods:</b></i> A retrospective study of 361 hemodialysis patients evaluated anti-IgG N antibodies for detecting prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) over the four time points. Boxplots illustrated antibody distribution across sampling stages and infection status. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cutoff values. <i><b>Results:</b></i> Among the 361 hemodialysis patients, 36 (10.0%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sex distribution showed a trend toward significance (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Boxplot analysis showed that anti-IgG N levels remained low in non-infected patients but increased in infected patients, peaking at the third sampling. Anti-IgG N demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.973–0.865) but declined over time (<i>p</i> = 0.00525). The optimal cutoff at C1 was 0.01 AU/mL (sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.94). Adjusted models had lower predictive value. <i><b>Conclusions:</b></i> Anti-IgG N antibodies showed high diagnostic accuracy for detecting prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in hemodialysis patients, though performance declined over time. These findings highlight the need for tailored diagnostic strategies in this vulnerable population.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/750COVID-19renal dialysisimmunoglobulin Gnucleocapsid proteinsserologic tests |
| spellingShingle | Akemi Hara Shun Watanabe Toyoaki Sawano Yuki Sonoda Hiroaki Saito Akihiko Ozaki Masatoshi Wakui Tianchen Zhao Chika Yamamoto Yurie Kobashi Toshiki Abe Takeshi Kawamura Akira Sugiyama Aya Nakayama Yudai Kaneko Hiroaki Shimmura Masaharu Tsubokura The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients Vaccines COVID-19 renal dialysis immunoglobulin G nucleocapsid proteins serologic tests |
| title | The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients |
| title_full | The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients |
| title_fullStr | The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients |
| title_short | The Anti-Nucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Hemodialysis Patients |
| title_sort | anti nucleocapsid igg antibody as a marker of sars cov 2 infection for hemodialysis patients |
| topic | COVID-19 renal dialysis immunoglobulin G nucleocapsid proteins serologic tests |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/750 |
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