Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation

Super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) are often used in corrosive environments owing to their combination of good strength (>450 MPa yield strength and > 600 MPa ultimate tensile strength) and corrosion resistance (PREN > 40). In additive manufacturing (AM), the challenge is achieving phase...

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Main Authors: Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio, João da Cruz Payão Filho, Murali Uddagiri, Kimiya NouraniNiaki, Oleg Shchyglo, Ingo Steinbach
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004472
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author Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio
João da Cruz Payão Filho
Murali Uddagiri
Kimiya NouraniNiaki
Oleg Shchyglo
Ingo Steinbach
author_facet Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio
João da Cruz Payão Filho
Murali Uddagiri
Kimiya NouraniNiaki
Oleg Shchyglo
Ingo Steinbach
author_sort Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio
collection DOAJ
description Super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) are often used in corrosive environments owing to their combination of good strength (>450 MPa yield strength and > 600 MPa ultimate tensile strength) and corrosion resistance (PREN > 40). In additive manufacturing (AM), the challenge is achieving phase balance and minimizing microsegregation to reduce sigma phase formation. This work employs multi-phase-field simulations to understand the solidification of a SDSS under AM, and experimental tests to analyze the microstructure and properties of a SDSS (AWS ER2594) deposited wall. Phase field solidification simulations showed epitaxial growth of δ dendrites, followed by solute segregation of ferritizing and austenitizing elements into the δ dendrite cores and interdendritic liquid, promoting γ phase nucleation. The deposited wall showed an almost 50/50 ferrite/austenite phase balance and minimum of 0.3 % of sigma phase, by ANOVA and Tukey analysis no significant difference between phase fraction at different regions, and a variation in microhardness values between the base (273 HV1) and upper (262 HV1) regions of the wall. These results indicate good homogenization and well-chosen AM process parameters for producing a SDSS wall. Nevertheless, this work improves the understanding of solidification, thus microstructural evolution, of SDSS under AM, and provides input for future models of solid-state transformations.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0264-1275
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-3bd3127a904e4d1e948fe46f1a17af282025-08-20T03:46:41ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-06-0125411402710.1016/j.matdes.2025.114027Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulationDaysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio0João da Cruz Payão Filho1Murali Uddagiri2Kimiya NouraniNiaki3Oleg Shchyglo4Ingo Steinbach5Programa de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany; Corresponding authors at: Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany (D.K. Mendes Isidorio).Programa de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInterdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany; Corresponding authors at: Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany (D.K. Mendes Isidorio).Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, GermanyInterdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, GermanyInterdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, GermanySuper duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) are often used in corrosive environments owing to their combination of good strength (>450 MPa yield strength and > 600 MPa ultimate tensile strength) and corrosion resistance (PREN > 40). In additive manufacturing (AM), the challenge is achieving phase balance and minimizing microsegregation to reduce sigma phase formation. This work employs multi-phase-field simulations to understand the solidification of a SDSS under AM, and experimental tests to analyze the microstructure and properties of a SDSS (AWS ER2594) deposited wall. Phase field solidification simulations showed epitaxial growth of δ dendrites, followed by solute segregation of ferritizing and austenitizing elements into the δ dendrite cores and interdendritic liquid, promoting γ phase nucleation. The deposited wall showed an almost 50/50 ferrite/austenite phase balance and minimum of 0.3 % of sigma phase, by ANOVA and Tukey analysis no significant difference between phase fraction at different regions, and a variation in microhardness values between the base (273 HV1) and upper (262 HV1) regions of the wall. These results indicate good homogenization and well-chosen AM process parameters for producing a SDSS wall. Nevertheless, this work improves the understanding of solidification, thus microstructural evolution, of SDSS under AM, and provides input for future models of solid-state transformations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004472Phase-field methodWire arc additive manufacturingMulti-componentSolidificationMicrosegregation
spellingShingle Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio
João da Cruz Payão Filho
Murali Uddagiri
Kimiya NouraniNiaki
Oleg Shchyglo
Ingo Steinbach
Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
Materials & Design
Phase-field method
Wire arc additive manufacturing
Multi-component
Solidification
Microsegregation
title Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
title_full Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
title_fullStr Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
title_full_unstemmed Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
title_short Super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition: Microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
title_sort super duplex stainless steel fabricated by arc based directed energy deposition microstructure evolution and phase field solidification simulation
topic Phase-field method
Wire arc additive manufacturing
Multi-component
Solidification
Microsegregation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004472
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