RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep

Abstract Sebaceous glands (SGs), essential elements of the skin barrier in sheep, are tightly regulated by the androgen signaling pathway. This study investigated how androgens influence SGs hyperplasia in sheep by combining morphological assessments with transcriptomic analysis. Histological examin...

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Main Authors: Zhiya Feng, Zhigang Li, Wanwan Peng, Jianping Zhang, Chunyang Li, Ruijun Shi, Shuwei Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08837-y
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author Zhiya Feng
Zhigang Li
Wanwan Peng
Jianping Zhang
Chunyang Li
Ruijun Shi
Shuwei Li
author_facet Zhiya Feng
Zhigang Li
Wanwan Peng
Jianping Zhang
Chunyang Li
Ruijun Shi
Shuwei Li
author_sort Zhiya Feng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sebaceous glands (SGs), essential elements of the skin barrier in sheep, are tightly regulated by the androgen signaling pathway. This study investigated how androgens influence SGs hyperplasia in sheep by combining morphological assessments with transcriptomic analysis. Histological examination revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in both the number and average size of SGs in the testosterone-treated groups across four concentration gradients compared to the control group. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on fifteen skin samples, revealing that, compared to the control group, 371 genes were upregulated and 115 were downregulated across the four treatment groups. The upregulated genes were predominantly enriched in lipid metabolism pathways, while the downregulated genes were mainly associated with keratin filament structures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified ten hub genes involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation and lipid synthesis. These findings were further supported by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which indicated significant activation of fatty acid metabolic pathways (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that androgens may be involved in SGs hyperplasia in sheep by regulating mitochondrial lipid metabolism-related pathways.
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spelling doaj-art-3babebf29a0e487d9bcc99453d18dd572025-08-20T03:03:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-08837-yRNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheepZhiya Feng0Zhigang Li1Wanwan Peng2Jianping Zhang3Chunyang Li4Ruijun Shi5Shuwei Li6State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim UniversityCollage of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F UniversityState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim UniversityState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim UniversityState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim UniversityState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim UniversityState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim UniversityAbstract Sebaceous glands (SGs), essential elements of the skin barrier in sheep, are tightly regulated by the androgen signaling pathway. This study investigated how androgens influence SGs hyperplasia in sheep by combining morphological assessments with transcriptomic analysis. Histological examination revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in both the number and average size of SGs in the testosterone-treated groups across four concentration gradients compared to the control group. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on fifteen skin samples, revealing that, compared to the control group, 371 genes were upregulated and 115 were downregulated across the four treatment groups. The upregulated genes were predominantly enriched in lipid metabolism pathways, while the downregulated genes were mainly associated with keratin filament structures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified ten hub genes involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation and lipid synthesis. These findings were further supported by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which indicated significant activation of fatty acid metabolic pathways (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that androgens may be involved in SGs hyperplasia in sheep by regulating mitochondrial lipid metabolism-related pathways.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08837-yHetian sheepSkinRNA-seqMasson stainingGSEA
spellingShingle Zhiya Feng
Zhigang Li
Wanwan Peng
Jianping Zhang
Chunyang Li
Ruijun Shi
Shuwei Li
RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep
Scientific Reports
Hetian sheep
Skin
RNA-seq
Masson staining
GSEA
title RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep
title_full RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep
title_fullStr RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep
title_full_unstemmed RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep
title_short RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep
title_sort rna seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in hetian sheep
topic Hetian sheep
Skin
RNA-seq
Masson staining
GSEA
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08837-y
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