Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Abstract Objectives To develop a Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Management for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Guided by self-efficacy theory, the initial version of the scale was formed through literature review and expert consultatio...

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Main Authors: Wanying Su, Xiaowen Feng, Anqi Cai, Wei Xiao, Fang Shen, Cuiyin Peng, Ziwen Ye, Xiaolv Zhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06198-6
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author Wanying Su
Xiaowen Feng
Anqi Cai
Wei Xiao
Fang Shen
Cuiyin Peng
Ziwen Ye
Xiaolv Zhong
author_facet Wanying Su
Xiaowen Feng
Anqi Cai
Wei Xiao
Fang Shen
Cuiyin Peng
Ziwen Ye
Xiaolv Zhong
author_sort Wanying Su
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objectives To develop a Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Management for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Guided by self-efficacy theory, the initial version of the scale was formed through literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sample of 502 adult patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment was surveyed. Item analysis was conducted to refine the scale, and its validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability. Results The scale developed in this study comprises four dimensions: supportive behavior, oral care, dietary restrictions, and positive attitude, with a total of 28 items. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.92, indicating excellent internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was 0.92, suggesting that the scale is a stable and reliable instrument for assessing oral health self-efficacy in orthodontic patients. The scale also demonstrated good content and construct validity. Conclusion The scale developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the oral management self-efficacy levels for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
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institution DOAJ
issn 1472-6831
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Oral Health
spelling doaj-art-3b9b3d89ff3040e6a99d2f567dc6cc062025-08-20T03:16:47ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-05-012511910.1186/s12903-025-06198-6Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliancesWanying Su0Xiaowen Feng1Anqi Cai2Wei Xiao3Fang Shen4Cuiyin Peng5Ziwen Ye6Xiaolv Zhong7Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Nursing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Objectives To develop a Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Management for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Guided by self-efficacy theory, the initial version of the scale was formed through literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sample of 502 adult patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment was surveyed. Item analysis was conducted to refine the scale, and its validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability. Results The scale developed in this study comprises four dimensions: supportive behavior, oral care, dietary restrictions, and positive attitude, with a total of 28 items. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.92, indicating excellent internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was 0.92, suggesting that the scale is a stable and reliable instrument for assessing oral health self-efficacy in orthodontic patients. The scale also demonstrated good content and construct validity. Conclusion The scale developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the oral management self-efficacy levels for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06198-6Adult orthodonticsFixed orthodontic appliancesSelf efficacyScale developmentPsychometric validation
spellingShingle Wanying Su
Xiaowen Feng
Anqi Cai
Wei Xiao
Fang Shen
Cuiyin Peng
Ziwen Ye
Xiaolv Zhong
Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
BMC Oral Health
Adult orthodontics
Fixed orthodontic appliances
Self efficacy
Scale development
Psychometric validation
title Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
title_full Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
title_fullStr Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
title_short Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
title_sort development and validation of the oral management self efficacy scale omses a cross sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
topic Adult orthodontics
Fixed orthodontic appliances
Self efficacy
Scale development
Psychometric validation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06198-6
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