In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days

Abstract Introduction The microbiota associated with peri-implant diseases has been described, though information about biofilm formation and development on dental implants remains scarce. Objectives To analyze and compare biofilm formation and distribution at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days on experimental a...

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Main Authors: Kevin Muguerza-Guevara, Berta Cortés-Acha, Marta García-García, Rui Figueiredo, Agnès Soler-Ollé, Vanessa Blanc, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06580-4
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author Kevin Muguerza-Guevara
Berta Cortés-Acha
Marta García-García
Rui Figueiredo
Agnès Soler-Ollé
Vanessa Blanc
Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
author_facet Kevin Muguerza-Guevara
Berta Cortés-Acha
Marta García-García
Rui Figueiredo
Agnès Soler-Ollé
Vanessa Blanc
Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
author_sort Kevin Muguerza-Guevara
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction The microbiota associated with peri-implant diseases has been described, though information about biofilm formation and development on dental implants remains scarce. Objectives To analyze and compare biofilm formation and distribution at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days on experimental abutments simulating dental implants in peri-implant healthy patients. Material and methods Experimental abutments with micro-threads and a modified rough surface were placed in healthy dental implants of 10 patients. Instructions were given not to clean the abutments for the duration of the study. Exclusion criteria included the use of antiseptics or antibiotics 30 days prior to recruitment or during the study period. After 24 h, 48 h and 7 days, the abutments were removed and stained using LIVE/DEAD stain, and two sides (buccal and palatal/lingual) and two areas (supragingival and subgingival) were assessed, with measurement of the mean biofilm covering area. Results Twenty-nine experimental abutments placed in 10 patients were assessed. The total mean biomass coverage areas were 9.3%, 16.2% and 16.8% at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days, respectively, with significant differences being observed between 24 h and the subsequent timepoints (p < 0.05). Significantly greater supragingival biofilm coverage was observed at 7 days in comparison with the subgingival zone (21.85% versus 11.7%; p < 0.05). Conclusions Biofilm coverage on healthy dental implants increases progressively during the first 48 h and then stabilizes. The biofilm is mainly composed of live cells in the supragingival and subgingival areas. After 7 days, the supragingival areas show significantly greater biofilm coverage.
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spelling doaj-art-3b98ab928c7e4ff29972542274aa88bf2025-08-20T03:06:41ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-012511910.1186/s12903-025-06580-4In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 daysKevin Muguerza-Guevara0Berta Cortés-Acha1Marta García-García2Rui Figueiredo3Agnès Soler-Ollé4Vanessa Blanc5Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón6Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga S/NFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga S/NFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga S/NFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga S/NDevelopment Department. DENTAID Research Center, Translational Scienceand Development Department. DENTAID Research Center, Translational Scienceand Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga S/NAbstract Introduction The microbiota associated with peri-implant diseases has been described, though information about biofilm formation and development on dental implants remains scarce. Objectives To analyze and compare biofilm formation and distribution at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days on experimental abutments simulating dental implants in peri-implant healthy patients. Material and methods Experimental abutments with micro-threads and a modified rough surface were placed in healthy dental implants of 10 patients. Instructions were given not to clean the abutments for the duration of the study. Exclusion criteria included the use of antiseptics or antibiotics 30 days prior to recruitment or during the study period. After 24 h, 48 h and 7 days, the abutments were removed and stained using LIVE/DEAD stain, and two sides (buccal and palatal/lingual) and two areas (supragingival and subgingival) were assessed, with measurement of the mean biofilm covering area. Results Twenty-nine experimental abutments placed in 10 patients were assessed. The total mean biomass coverage areas were 9.3%, 16.2% and 16.8% at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days, respectively, with significant differences being observed between 24 h and the subsequent timepoints (p < 0.05). Significantly greater supragingival biofilm coverage was observed at 7 days in comparison with the subgingival zone (21.85% versus 11.7%; p < 0.05). Conclusions Biofilm coverage on healthy dental implants increases progressively during the first 48 h and then stabilizes. The biofilm is mainly composed of live cells in the supragingival and subgingival areas. After 7 days, the supragingival areas show significantly greater biofilm coverage.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06580-4Peri-implantitisBiofilmDental implantImplant-abutment
spellingShingle Kevin Muguerza-Guevara
Berta Cortés-Acha
Marta García-García
Rui Figueiredo
Agnès Soler-Ollé
Vanessa Blanc
Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
BMC Oral Health
Peri-implantitis
Biofilm
Dental implant
Implant-abutment
title In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
title_full In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
title_fullStr In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
title_full_unstemmed In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
title_short In vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant-mimicking abutments at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days
title_sort in vivo analysis of early biofilm development and cell viability on implant mimicking abutments at 24 h 48 h and 7 days
topic Peri-implantitis
Biofilm
Dental implant
Implant-abutment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06580-4
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