The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays

Air-induction sprays are widely used for drift control; however, their disintegration mechanism is not yet fully understood. After exiting the nozzle, the liquid typically first forms a liquid sheet, which then breaks up into droplets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the liquid sheet of air-induc...

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Main Authors: Mingzhi Yan, Fujun Chen, Chen Gong, Can Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/979
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author Mingzhi Yan
Fujun Chen
Chen Gong
Can Kang
author_facet Mingzhi Yan
Fujun Chen
Chen Gong
Can Kang
author_sort Mingzhi Yan
collection DOAJ
description Air-induction sprays are widely used for drift control; however, their disintegration mechanism is not yet fully understood. After exiting the nozzle, the liquid typically first forms a liquid sheet, which then breaks up into droplets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the liquid sheet of air-induction sprays is essential for elucidating its disintegration mechanism. In this study, high-speed photography and image processing methods were employed to capture and measure the structure of the liquid sheet of air-induction sprays under different pesticide formulations. The effects of different pesticide formulations on the liquid sheet’s spreading angle, breakup length, and the behavior of bubbles within the liquid sheet were analyzed. The results indicate that compared to pure water, pesticide solutions significantly alter the liquid sheet’s spreading angle, length, and bubble size. Under oil-based emulsion conditions, the sheet length and bubble size decrease with increasing concentration, while the spreading angle is less affected. The oil phase in emulsions exhibits defoaming properties, reducing the number of large bubbles. Additionally, oil droplets contribute to the formation of perforations in the liquid sheet, leading to earlier breakup and shortening the sheet length. For suspensions, the variation in liquid sheet behavior is similar to that observed in oil-based emulsions, but its effect on bubble size is less pronounced. In aqueous solutions, bubble size decreases with increasing concentration, but the number of bubbles significantly increases. Moreover, the liquid sheet length and spreading angle increase markedly with concentration. Unlike oil-based emulsions and suspensions, which contain hydrophobic dispersed phases, aqueous solutions do not exhibit significant defoaming properties. Our work can provide a theoretical reference for the applications of air-induction sprays.
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spelling doaj-art-3b9841b6c775451f80487d8e3ffbabfc2025-08-20T03:14:23ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-04-0115497910.3390/agronomy15040979The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction SpraysMingzhi Yan0Fujun Chen1Chen Gong2Can Kang3School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAir-induction sprays are widely used for drift control; however, their disintegration mechanism is not yet fully understood. After exiting the nozzle, the liquid typically first forms a liquid sheet, which then breaks up into droplets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the liquid sheet of air-induction sprays is essential for elucidating its disintegration mechanism. In this study, high-speed photography and image processing methods were employed to capture and measure the structure of the liquid sheet of air-induction sprays under different pesticide formulations. The effects of different pesticide formulations on the liquid sheet’s spreading angle, breakup length, and the behavior of bubbles within the liquid sheet were analyzed. The results indicate that compared to pure water, pesticide solutions significantly alter the liquid sheet’s spreading angle, length, and bubble size. Under oil-based emulsion conditions, the sheet length and bubble size decrease with increasing concentration, while the spreading angle is less affected. The oil phase in emulsions exhibits defoaming properties, reducing the number of large bubbles. Additionally, oil droplets contribute to the formation of perforations in the liquid sheet, leading to earlier breakup and shortening the sheet length. For suspensions, the variation in liquid sheet behavior is similar to that observed in oil-based emulsions, but its effect on bubble size is less pronounced. In aqueous solutions, bubble size decreases with increasing concentration, but the number of bubbles significantly increases. Moreover, the liquid sheet length and spreading angle increase markedly with concentration. Unlike oil-based emulsions and suspensions, which contain hydrophobic dispersed phases, aqueous solutions do not exhibit significant defoaming properties. Our work can provide a theoretical reference for the applications of air-induction sprays.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/979air-induction nozzleliquid sheetpesticide formulationvisualization experiment
spellingShingle Mingzhi Yan
Fujun Chen
Chen Gong
Can Kang
The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays
Agronomy
air-induction nozzle
liquid sheet
pesticide formulation
visualization experiment
title The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays
title_full The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays
title_fullStr The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays
title_short The Effect of Pesticide Formulation on the Characteristics of Air-Induction Sprays
title_sort effect of pesticide formulation on the characteristics of air induction sprays
topic air-induction nozzle
liquid sheet
pesticide formulation
visualization experiment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/979
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