A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing

Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar (A-GPR) systems in multilayer environments often exhibit inefficiencies stemming from suboptimal search patterns and inaccurate scan time estimations, resulting in protracted operation times and elevated energy consumption. To mitigate these challenges, this paper i...

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Main Authors: Morteza Kazerooni, Ehsan Shahroosvand
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11048888/
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author Morteza Kazerooni
Ehsan Shahroosvand
author_facet Morteza Kazerooni
Ehsan Shahroosvand
author_sort Morteza Kazerooni
collection DOAJ
description Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar (A-GPR) systems in multilayer environments often exhibit inefficiencies stemming from suboptimal search patterns and inaccurate scan time estimations, resulting in protracted operation times and elevated energy consumption. To mitigate these challenges, this paper introduces a novel theoretical search algorithm predicated on cell footprint meshing. This approach leverages antenna footprint dimensions to optimize search paths, thereby reducing scan time and enhancing energy efficiency. By categorizing the target area into surface, subsurface, and return cells based on signal reception characteristics, the algorithm aligns search patterns (row-wise or column-wise) with the derived cell configurations and dimensions. Precise computations of wave penetration and two-way travel time (TWT), factoring in stacking parameters and drone velocity, are integral to optimal cell design and comprehensive area coverage. Simulation results indicate that this deterministic, geometry-based method yields an approximate 24% reduction in search time, consequently minimizing resource utilization. The inherent scalability of this algorithm renders it particularly advantageous for missions constrained by time and resources and establishes a framework for enhancing A-GPR system performance. However, as a theoretical investigation, the absence of experimental validation due to the limited availability of real-world A-GPR systems and data necessitates future field studies. This work underscores the critical role of the cellular network and search pattern selection in augmenting operational efficiency and provides a foundational basis for subsequent development and practical implementation in radar-based reconnaissance.
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spelling doaj-art-3b93d45bd4c14b69b8020c8956d6a1662025-08-20T03:33:34ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011311426811428110.1109/ACCESS.2025.358282611048888A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint MeshingMorteza Kazerooni0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7459-0563Ehsan Shahroosvand1https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6046-7782Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranAirborne Ground Penetrating Radar (A-GPR) systems in multilayer environments often exhibit inefficiencies stemming from suboptimal search patterns and inaccurate scan time estimations, resulting in protracted operation times and elevated energy consumption. To mitigate these challenges, this paper introduces a novel theoretical search algorithm predicated on cell footprint meshing. This approach leverages antenna footprint dimensions to optimize search paths, thereby reducing scan time and enhancing energy efficiency. By categorizing the target area into surface, subsurface, and return cells based on signal reception characteristics, the algorithm aligns search patterns (row-wise or column-wise) with the derived cell configurations and dimensions. Precise computations of wave penetration and two-way travel time (TWT), factoring in stacking parameters and drone velocity, are integral to optimal cell design and comprehensive area coverage. Simulation results indicate that this deterministic, geometry-based method yields an approximate 24% reduction in search time, consequently minimizing resource utilization. The inherent scalability of this algorithm renders it particularly advantageous for missions constrained by time and resources and establishes a framework for enhancing A-GPR system performance. However, as a theoretical investigation, the absence of experimental validation due to the limited availability of real-world A-GPR systems and data necessitates future field studies. This work underscores the critical role of the cellular network and search pattern selection in augmenting operational efficiency and provides a foundational basis for subsequent development and practical implementation in radar-based reconnaissance.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11048888/Airborne ground penetrating radar (A-GPR)antenna footprint optimizationsearch algorithmcell footprint meshingscan time estimation
spellingShingle Morteza Kazerooni
Ehsan Shahroosvand
A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing
IEEE Access
Airborne ground penetrating radar (A-GPR)
antenna footprint optimization
search algorithm
cell footprint meshing
scan time estimation
title A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing
title_full A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing
title_fullStr A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing
title_short A Novel Search Algorithm and Scan Time Estimation in Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar Using Cell Footprint Meshing
title_sort novel search algorithm and scan time estimation in airborne ground penetrating radar using cell footprint meshing
topic Airborne ground penetrating radar (A-GPR)
antenna footprint optimization
search algorithm
cell footprint meshing
scan time estimation
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11048888/
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